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Alexander Gulyaev, ECO alexander.gulyaev@eco.cept

European practices in trading of spectrum usage rights 14th Economics of Infrastructures Conference Delft University of Technology, 26-27 May 2011. Alexander Gulyaev, ECO alexander.gulyaev@eco.cept.org. CEPT and its Committes. The work of CEPT is conducted by three autonomous Committees:

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Alexander Gulyaev, ECO alexander.gulyaev@eco.cept

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  1. European practices intrading of spectrum usage rights14th Economics of Infrastructures Conference Delft University of Technology, 26-27 May 2011 Alexander Gulyaev, ECOalexander.gulyaev@eco.cept.org

  2. CEPT and its Committes The work of CEPT is conducted by three autonomous Committees: The Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) The European Committee for Postal Regulation (CERP) The Committee for ITU Policy (COM-ITU) CEPT portal: http://www.cept.org CEPT ECC CERP COM-ITU

  3. ECC: Structure and Mission ECC ECO WG FM Frequency Management WG RA Regulatory Affairs WG SE Spectrum Engeneering WG NNA Numbering, Naming Addressing CPG Conference Preparatory Group ECC Mission Statement: The Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) brings together 48 countries to develop common policies and regulations in electronic communications and related applications for Europe, and to provide the focal point for information on spectrum use. Its primary objective is to harmonise the efficient use of the radio spectrum, satellite orbits and numbering resources across Europe. It takes an active role at the international level, preparing common European proposals to represent European interests in the ITU and other international organisations.

  4. Recent ECC Survey of 2011 The survey sought factual information on the procedures of trading and leasing of spectrum usage rights 22 European countries responded to the survey ECC Report 169 (published on 25 May 2011) presents the findings of this study Actual data is summarised in the Report on transactions in various frequency bands and for different applications Important observation: the role of the regulatory authority is to ensure that the competition is maintained without active intervention in the market situation

  5. Findings of ECC Report 169 Existing regulatory framework: CEPT: no recommendations with respect to national legal frameworks for rights of use EU: harmonised legal framework in the context of ECN&S: the “Framework” Directive (2002/21/EC amended by 2009/140/EC) and the “Authorisation” Directive (2002/20/EC amended by 2009/140/EC) EU Radio Spectrum Policy Group (RSPG) Opinion 04-54 “Secondary trading of rights to use radio spectrum” (2004) European Frequency Information System (EFIS): national information on the rights of use

  6. Findings of ECC Report 169 The EU “Framework” Directive: General authorisations: cannot be transferred as, by definition, the spectrum can be accessed without individual authorisation and therefore there is no exclusive right to be traded. Individual rights of use (“licences”): are granted in order to: avoid harmful interference; ensure technical quality of service; safeguard efficient use of spectrum; fulfill other objectives of general interest as defined by Member States in conformity with Community law and may be subject to trading. The European Commission may identify ECN&S bands for which individual rights may be transferred or leased (except broadcasting). In other bands the choice to allow secondary trading is left to MS.

  7. Findings of ECC Report 169 European regulatory landscape and milestones of introducing secondary trading: 4 countries (Cyprus, Estonia, Ireland and Russia) out of the 22 do not allow secondary trading of spectrum usage rights Trading was allowed in Europe as early as in 1997 in Denmark (except broadcasting services and military spectrum) and in 1998 in Switzerland Most European countries introduced trading triggered by the adoption of the RSPG Opinion 04-54 on “secondary trading”: Austria, Norway and Sweden (2003), UK and Portugal (2004) and all other countries that currently allow trading after 2006

  8. Findings of ECC Report 169 Two ‘levels’ of individual authorisations observed in Europe: National/regional: an authorisation to deploy a network within a defined frequency band and geographical area (most transactions registered) Site-specific: an authorisation for a single transmitter (a few transactions registered)

  9. Findings of ECC Report 169 Typical public information on individual authorisations (available on the NRA websites or on request) : Reference of the authorisation (licence) Dates of issue and expiration Type of licence Information on licence holder (name and address) Information about the licensed spectrum (exact frequency bands, optionally other details) Geographical information, transmitter sites Technical data

  10. Findings of ECC Report 169 Some of the observed reasons for revoking individual rights of use: underuse of spectrum, or frequency use has not commenced as prescribed bankruptcy, insolvency of the licensee omission to pay the licence fee change of national frequency plan (refarming) the licensee has been convicted of an offense terms of licence have been breached state commitments to international harmonisation, or frequencies have not been coordinated in international negotiations need to satisfy public interest, such as media policy, military usage, emergency services, etc. unlawful use of frequencies that affects the interests of individuals, society or state

  11. Findings of ECC Report 169 Reported trading options: Some parameters of licences can be subdivided (namely, the frequency allotment, the geographical area and the duration of licence) which gives the possibility of partial transfer of usage rights and has a potential of increasing the spectrum efficiency: 13 countries stated that usage rights can be partially traded in frequency; 11 countries stated that usage rights can be partially traded in geography; 7 countries stated that usage rights can be partially traded in time

  12. Findings of ECC Report 169 The typical trading procedure includes: Notification of the intention to trade Publication of the notified information Approval of transaction by NRA Publication of the final transaction

  13. Findings of ECC Report 169 1. Notification of the intention to trade: consent of the holder of the usage rights information about the seller and the buyer to check that the competition is not infringed (should indicate whether the parties are part of the same undertaking) reference information of the usage rights (e.g. licence number) planned date of the transfer financial and, optionally, other conditions of the transfer

  14. Findings of ECC Report 169 2. Publication of the notified information: general information about both parties information on the licence (may include frequencies, technical details, geographical territory) business sensitive information may not be published

  15. Findings of ECC Report 169 3. Approval of transaction by NRA The grounds to refuse the transaction may include: negative impact on competition the new licence holder cannot guarantee obligations associated with the licence; risk of interference jeopardizing the efficient use of spectrum compliance with the state international obligations, and other reasons

  16. Findings of ECC Report 169 4. Publication of the final transaction For EU countries information on the transaction must be made public and may include: identity of the parties references to the original and the new authorisations date at which the transfer becomes effective geographical area frequency bands

  17. Findings of ECC Report 169 Observed trading activities by application: PMR (9 countries) Fixed wireless access including BWA (12 countries) IMT (8 countries) Fixed links (10 countries) PMSE (prof. radio microphones) (3 countries) Satellites (5 countries)

  18. Findings of ECC Report 169 Reported types of spectrum use for which usage rights may not be transferred: spectrum assigned to activities relating to defense and security of the state, or maintenance of the public order, or state emergency services, or civil aviation, or security of railway traffic, or stable and reliable functioning of energy system, or other non-commercial functions of the state (including foreign affairs) and its institutions

  19. Findings of ECC Report 169 Other findings of the Report are related to: intensity of trading (how often, how much) advantages and drawbacks of trading impact on competition leasing procedures

  20. No questions? Thank you!

  21. Findings of ECC Report 169 My questions are: What are the driving forces and the obstacles, at the current stage, for introduction of spectrum trading in Europe (administrative, economic or technical?) Whether it’s time now for European harmonisation of spectrum trading rules? What are the benefits and would they offset the drawbacks if the “rules of the game” are harmonised at the current stage?

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