JRC Emission-PECO Project and Dioxin Emissions in Candidate Countries

1. JRC Emission-PECO Project and Dioxin Emissions in Candidate Countries P. Dilara, B. Paradiž, Emissions and Health Unit

2. What is the Joint Research Centre? The JRC is one of the twenty-four Directorate Generals of the European Commission European Commission 20 Commissioners DG DG DG CCR RECHERCHE BUDGET AGRICULTURE DG Mr Philippe Busquin European Commissioner for Research DG RESEARCH DG JRC ……… DG ENVIRONMENT and TWENTY OTHER DGs

4. WIND Laboratory Changes in Transport / industry / society Socio-Economic Drivers VELA Laboratory Emissions Environmental Pressures CAFÉ Programme Modeling Air Quality Sectoral Directives Mobile Labs Policy Environmental Response State Changes Impacts ERLAP Laboratory Impact on Ecosystems / human health EHU REM Exposure / epi / toxi studies Emissions and Health Unit

5. Activities of JRC to support enlargement Status of dioxin inventories in Candidate Countries CC dioxin sources profile Capacities at national level JRC small sources programme Outline

6. Emission-PECO and AIRPECO projects in EHU In total 18 Projects throughout JRC Enlargement Actions in JRC

7. Set-up a network of laboratories on emissions (more than a 100 contact points up to now) Harmonisation of measurements on emissions (round robin tests, intercalibration, training) Review of emissions inventories, policies and measures (questionnaires, reports) Transfer of know-how on emission measurements, EU emission regulations (visits, training, participation to/organisation of conferences) Emission-PECO

8. Assist DG-ENV in implementing the Dioxin Strategy in Candidate Countries dioxin emissions and inventories policies and measures to reduce emissions training course on dioxin stack sampling and analysis intercomparison of dioxin analysis assessment of emissions due to household use of solid fuels and abuse of waste as fuel Main Focus

9. CEEC: 7 out of 10 countries with 75 % of total CEEC population already presented their official inventory to CLRTAP Comparison with EU: 11 out of 15 countries with 78% of total EU population already presented their official inventory to CLRTAP CEEC: Reported per capita dioxin emissions on average 0.03 TEQ mg in 1990 EU: Reported per capita dioxin emissions on average 0.02 TEQ mg Status of Dioxin Inventories in CEEC

10. Dioxin emissions in CEEC as reported to CTLRAP CEEC Mean Per capita

11. Dioxin emissions in EU countries as reported to CTLRAP EU Mean Per capita

12. Reported sectorial profile of dioxin emissions - CC

13. Reported sectorial profile of dioxin emissions - EU

14. Most CEEC use only literature derived emission factors Only two countries have performed an extensive, coordinated measurement activity in order to determine national specific emission factors for key sources Uncertainty of dioxin emission estimations likely higher than in EU, due to specific national circumstances and use of non-verified emission factors Approaches for dioxin emission estimations

15. Ratio of dioxin to CO2 emissions  wide range of EF

16. Ratio of national dioxin estimation submitted to CLRTAP to the TNO/UBA estimates for 1990 * CEEC with emission factors derived from measurements

17. Priority sectors * *for reducing of overall inventory uncertainty and focusing abatement measures Responses from 12 experts from CEEC to the JRC questionnaire

18. CC sources profile - waste incineration Responses to the JRC questionnaire one order of magnitude lower quantity of MW incineration in CEEC than in EU (per capita)

19. CC sources profile - industrial activities Responses to the JRC questionnaire

20. CC sources profile - Iron&Steel 200 data, 2001 where marked with * source: World Steel in Figures-2002 edition, International Iron and Steel Institute

21. CC sources profile - residential heating Source:Energy Consumption in households, EUROSTAT, 1999 (data from 1995 (EU) and 1996 (CC)

22. EU vs. CC sectorial emissions LUA - EU Dioxin Inventory Stage II data + estimations very rough preliminary estimation

23. EU inventory uncertainty contribution LUA - EU Dioxin Inventory Stage II

24. Identified capacities at national level • Dioxin stack sampling groups + dioxin lab: • Czech republic, • Hungary, • Poland, • Slovenia. • Dioxin stack sampling group: • Lithuania ? • Dioxin lab: • Slovakia, • Latvia ?

25. CC1 CC3 CC3 Dioxin Labs Intercomparison Campaign Bavel van B.: Final report Seventh Round of the International Intercalibration Study, 2002

26. Parallel approach: direct measurement of emissions and inverse modelling of dioxin ambient air concentrations New JRC small sources facility put into the operation optimisation of the test ring to reflect real world conditions, physical conditions identified which cause elevated dioxin conditions from stoves in comparison with central heating boilers, 2 additional visiting scientists from CC to work on the issue Inverse modelling preliminary results of the evaluation of the data from Graz, Austria and Krakow, Poland indicate high emission factors new measuring campaigns planned for 2003/2004 heating season JRC small sources programme

27. Emissions sources profile not uniform across the CC - national approach has to be followed Different source profile in CC than in EU - importance of the non-industrial sources might be higher Proficient stack sampling group exist in CC as well as some proven dioxin labs GEF supported enabling activities under POPs convention starting in CC - possible synergies with “Dioxin emissions in CC” Conclusions