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Liquids and Solids

Liquids and Solids. Chapter 16 E-mail: benzene4president@gmail.com Web-site: http://clas.sa.ucsb.edu/staff/terri/. Liquids and Solids – ch. 16. 1. Indicate the types of forces present for each of the following : a. CCl 4 b. HF c. NH 4 Br d. F 2 e. CH 3 OH f. H 2 S g. KOH

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Liquids and Solids

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  1. Liquids and Solids Chapter 16 E-mail: benzene4president@gmail.com Web-site: http://clas.sa.ucsb.edu/staff/terri/

  2. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 1. Indicate the types of forces present for each of the following: a. CCl4 b. HF c. NH4Br d. F2 e. CH3OH f. H2S g. KOH h. BH3 i. H2CO

  3. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 Types of Forces Ionic – cation (metal or NH4+)/anion (nonmetal) Hydrogen bonding – For molecular compounds with H-F, H-O or H-N bonds Dipole-Dipole – For polar molecular compounds Dispersion – For all molecular compounds and noble gases

  4. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 2. Using intermolecular forces predict the following: a. highest melting point F2or Br2 b. highest melting point NaClorNaF c. highest boiling point HOCH2CH2OH or CH3CH2OH d. highest boiling point CH3CH3or CH3CH2CH3 e. highest vapor pressure CH3H2OH orCH3OCH3 f. highest vapor pressure CCl4 or CH2Cl2 g. highest freezing point MgOor MgF2 h. highest surface tension CH3OH or C24H50

  5. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 3. A topaz crystal has an inter-planar spacing of 1.36 Å. Calculate the wavelength of the X ray that should be used if θ is 15° (assume n=1).

  6. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16

  7. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 (b) FCC a.k.a. cubic closest packed (CCP) is the result of abc arrangement of hexagonal unit cells

  8. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16

  9. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 4. Zinc crystallizes in a cubic closest packed structure. The radius of a zinc atom is 135 pm. Calculate the density in g/mL for solid zinc.

  10. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16

  11. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 5. Titanium metal has a body-centered cubic unit cell. The density is 4.50 g/cm3. Calculate the atomic radius of titanium.

  12. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 6. Compare the cubic closest packed structures for NaCl (radius of Na+ = 0.66 radius of Cl-), ZnS (radius of Zn2+ = 0.35 radius of S2-) and CaCl2 (radius of Ca2+ = 0.68 radius of Cl-).

  13. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 Trigonal holes are filled when the radius of one ion is less than 22% of the other ion Tetrahedral holes are filled when the radius of one ion is between 22% and 41% of the other ion Octahedral holes are filled when the radius of one ion is between 41% and 73% of the other ion Cubic holes are filled when the radius of on ion is greater than 73% or the other ion

  14. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 7. Identify the type of doping in each of the following. a. Galium doped with tin b. Silicon doped with boron

  15. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 8. Draw phase diagrams for water and carbon dioxide. Label the normal melting point and normal boiling point. For each substance indicate the phase that is the most dense.

  16. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 1

  17. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 9. The enthalpy of vaporization for water is 44 kJ/mol. What is the boiling point if the atmospheric pressure were 0.33 atm? ln(P1/P2) = (ΔHvap/R)(T2-1 – T1-1)

  18. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 10. How much heat does is required to take 10 g of ice at -31 °C to vapor at 155 °C? (Csolid = 2.03 J/g°C , Cliquid = 4.18 J/g°C , Cgas = 2.02 J/g°C, ΔHfus = 6.01 kJ/mol, and ΔHvap = 40.7 kJ/mol)

  19. Liquids andSolids – ch. 16 11. Determine the final temperature if a 25 g cube of ice at -7 °C is placed in 180 mL of water at 64 °C and allowed to come to equilibrium. (Csolid = 2.03 J/g°C , Cliquid = 4.18 J/g°C , Cgas = 2.02 J/g°C, ΔHfus = 6.01 kJ/mol, and ΔHvap = 40.7 kJ/mol)

  20. Liquids andSolids – Answer Key 1. Indicate the types of forces present for each of the following: a. CCl4 => dispersionb. HF => H-bonding and dispersion c. NH4Br => ionic d. F2 => dispersion e. CH3OH => H-bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion f. H2S => dipole-dipole and dispersion g. KOH => ionic h. BH3 => dispersion i. H2CO =>dipole-dipole and dispersion 2. Using intermolecular forces predict the following: a. Br2 b. NaF c. HOCH2CH2OH d. CH3CH2CH3 e. NH3 f. CCl4 g. MgO h. C24H50 3. A topaz crystal has an inter-planar spacing of 1.36 Å. Calculate the wavelength of the X ray that should be used if θ is 15° (assume n=1). nλ=2dsinθ => (1)(λ)=2(1.36Å)(sin 15°) => λ = 0.70 Å or 7nm

  21. Liquids andSolids – Answer Key 4. Zinc crystallizes in a cubic closest packed structure. The radius of a zinc atom is 135 pm. Calculate the density in g/mL for solid zinc. D = mass/volume => since cubic closest packed has 4 atoms per unit cell => mass of unit cell = 4(65.39amu)(1g/6.022x1023amu) = 4.34x10-22g The volume of the unit cell is edge3 => e3=(2.828(1.35x10-8cm)) 3 => 5.57x10-23cm3 D = (4.34x10-22g)/(5.57x10-23cm3) = 7.8g/cm3 5. Titanium metal has a body-centered cubic unit cell. The density is 4.50 g/cm3. Calculate the atomic radius of titanium.Body centered cubic has 2 atoms per unit cell => mass of unit cell = 2(47.88amu)(1g/6.022x1023amu) = 1.59x10-22g => volume = m/d => volume = (1.59x10-22g)/(4.5g/cm3) = 3.53x10-23 cm3 => edge = (3.53x10-23 cm3 )1/3 = 3.29x10-8cm or 329pm => radius = 329pm/2.309 = 142pm

  22. Liquids andSolids – Answer Key 6. Compare the cubic closest packed structures for NaCl (radius of Na+ = 0.66 radius of Cl-), ZnS (radius of Zn2+ = 0.35 radius of S2-) and CaCl2 (radius of Ca2+ = 0.68 radius of Cl-). NaCl => Na+ will fill all of the octahedral holes ZnS => Zn2+ will fill all of the ½ of the tetrahedral holes CaCl2 => Ca2+ will fill ½ of the octahedral holes 7. Identify the type of doping in each of the following. a. Ga/Sn => n-type b. Si/B => p-type 8. What type of solid would you expect each of the following to form? a. KBrionic b. H2S molecular c. SiO2covalent network d. Pbatomic/metallic e. P atomic/covalent network f. Xeatomic g. CO2 molecular

  23. Liquids andSolids – Answer Key 9. Carbon dioxide Water

  24. Liquids andSolids – Answer Key 10. The enthalpy of vaporization for water is 44 kJ/mol. What is the boiling point if the atmospheric pressure were 0.33 atm? Since we know that the BP of water at 1 atm is 100°C we can figure out the BP at all other pressures using the ΔHvap ln(P1/P2) = (ΔHvap/R)(T2-1 – T1-1) ln(0.33atm/1atm) = (44kJ/mol/0.008314kJ/molK)(T2-1 – 373-1K) T2 = 405K 11. How much heat does is required to take 10 g of ice at -31 °C to vapor at 155 °C? (Csolid = 2.03 J/g°C , Cliquid = 4.18 J/g°C , Cgas = 2.02 J/g°C, ΔHfus = 6.01 kJ/mol, and ΔHvap = 40.7 kJ/mol) This is a 5 step process => 3 changes in temperature (q=mC Δ T) and 2 phase changes (q=n ΔH)

  25. Liquids andSolids – Answer Key q1=(10g)(2.03 J/g°C)(+31°C) = 629.3J or 0.629kJ q2=(10g/18g/mol)(6.01kJ/mol) = 3.34kJ q3=(10g)(4.18 J/g°C)(+100°C)= 4180J or 4.18kJ q4=(10g/18g/mol)(40.7 kJ/mol) = 22.6kJ q5=(10g)(2.02 J/g°C)(+55°C) = 1.11kJ qtotal = 31.86kJ 12. Determine the final temperature if a 25 g cube of ice at -7 °C is placed in 180 mL of water at 64 °C and allowed to come to equilibrium. (Csolid = 2.03 J/g°C , Cliquid = 4.18 J/g°C , Cgas = 2.02 J/g°C, ΔHfus = 6.01 kJ/mol, and ΔHvap = 40.7 kJ/mol) Heat is transferred from the hot water into the cold water -qhot = +qcold

  26. Liquids andSolids – Answer Key -mCΔT = mCsolid Δ T + nHfus +mCliquidΔ T -(180g)(4.18J/g°C)(Tf-64°C) =(25g)(2.03J/g°C)(7°C)+(25g/18g/mol)(6010J/mol)+(25g)(4.18J/g°C)(Tf-0°C) Tf = 46°C

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