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HIGHLIGHTS OF AZRI RESEARCH DI KHAN PAKISTAN

5.7. HIGHLIGHTS OF AZRI RESEARCH DI KHAN PAKISTAN. Welcome to Arid Zone Research Institute Dera Ismail Khan. Dera Ismail Khan. Agric Statistics of Dera Ismail Khan. Land Use Pakistan NWFP D.I.Khan (million hectares) Geographical Area 79.610 10.170 0.896

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HIGHLIGHTS OF AZRI RESEARCH DI KHAN PAKISTAN

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  1. 5.7 HIGHLIGHTS OF AZRI RESEARCH DI KHANPAKISTAN

  2. Welcome to Arid Zone Research Institute Dera Ismail Khan

  3. Dera Ismail Khan

  4. Agric Statistics of Dera Ismail Khan Land UsePakistanNWFPD.I.Khan (million hectares) Geographical Area 79.610 10.170 0.896 Cultivated 20.150 1.836 0.300 Irrigated 14.360 0.808 0.105 Rainfed 5.760 1.028 0.195 Forest 2.810 0.965 0.049 Culturable Waste 10.920 1.357 0.374

  5. CLIMATE • Arid to semi arid and sub tropical continental • Mean annual rainfall ranges from 180 mm to 300 mm • About 60% rainfall in summer (Kharif) season while 40% rainfall occurs in winter (Rabi) season Highest rainy month is July while driest month is November The temperature remains extreme. Above 45 0C in July and 300C in January The underground water in rainfed area is brackish varying in salts content from 500 ppm to 10,000 ppm.

  6. SOIL The soil of spate area of D.I.Khan is categorized below as per its physical condition and moisture availability. I. Heavy textured soils with incident rainfall plus run off water from adjacent hills (Rod Kohi): In this situation, bothsummer crops (sorghum and millet) and winter crops (wheat, chickpea and barley) can be successfully grown, provided run-off water from adjacent hills of good quality irrigate the area at proper time while in the remaining areas, the ground water is too saline and deep to be used for irrigation.

  7. NATIVE FLORA The common plant and grass species found in the area are as follows:

  8. NATIVE FLORA Contn….

  9. AZRSS 1974 • AZRI 1996 Farm Area 178 Acre ESTABLISHMENT OF AZRI D.I.KHAN

  10. OBJECTIVES • Management of existing natural resources in such a way to uplift the livelihood of arid farmer. • Identification of problems of the arid areas and under taking research for their solution. • Screening of germplasm of cereals and legumes best suited to the areas. • Development of more production technologies and cropping systems for dry land agriculture. • Demonstration and dissemination of developed technologies to the end users/farmers.

  11. AVERAGE YIELD UNDER RAINFED/ SPATE CONDITIONS Crop Yield (kg/ha-1) Millet 560 Sorghum 502 Wheat 1050 Barley 900 Chickpea 950 Rapeseed/mustard 420

  12. REASONS OF LOW YIELD • Poor moisture conservation practices. • Differences in soil quality, even with in one embanked field. • Non-availability of suitable certified seed with higher germination percentage. • Un-scientific methods of sowing instead of improved methods. • Lack of fertilizer application. • Un-awareness about insect/pest control.

  13. Major Agricultural Issues • Scarcity of moisture/rainfall. • High temperature. • Soil erosion. • Salinity, alkalinity and water logging. • Low soil fertility. • Poor quality of under-ground water. • Low yielding crop varieties and range management.

  14. ACHIEVMENTS OF AZRI D.I.KHAN

  15. Wheat

  16. 1. Two wheat lines have been selected from elite material (NARC and CIMMYT) which are in pipeline for varietal evaluation. The seed of one entry with the proposed named AZRI DN-1 has been included in NUYT 2006-07 for variety development for the area. 2. Planting wheat from October 15 to November increased the yield 50 % over early planting of October. 3. Use of mold/disc plough appeared best for weed control, water conservation and increased the yield of wheat 53 % over traditional cultivator. 4. Drill sowing of wheat increased the yield 50 % over broad- cast. 5. The Quality (bold) seed of wheat increased the yield (33 %) over poor shrinkle seed.

  17. 6. Seeding rate in wheat 100 kg ha-1 increased the yield 18 % over 70 kg ha-1. • 7. Split application of NP (50-25 NP kg ha-1) as half dose at sowing and half dose after 30 days of sowing increased the wheat yield by 25 % over whole application in rainfed areas. • 8. Fertilizer rate of 50-25 kg NP ha-1 was found optimum for maximum grain yield of wheat. • Weedicide Buctril-M @ 1 lit ha-1 showed the best broad- leaf weeds control in wheat crop which increased the yield 28% over control. • 10. Sarkanda proved to be the best mulching material for water conservation and weed control in wheat crop followed by rice-straw which increased the grain yield by 50 % and 42 % over control, respectively.

  18. 11. Wheat cutting at 6-8 leaves stage for fodder purposes proved economical in rodkohi soil as the grain yield decreased was compensated through fodder yield for livestock production during short-fall season for other grasses. • Recommended package of practices resulted in increased seed yield of wheat (25 %) over traditional practices. 13.Application of 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen when applied in the form of ½ basal and ½ after 30 days increased the seed yield up to 22.58 % over whole application as a basal dose. 14. Effect of different fertilizer application methods revealed that side bending application of 60:40:0 (NPK) increased the seed yield up to (21.52 %) of wheat in rod kohi D.I.Khan.

  19. Chickpea

  20. 1. October 10-25 planting increased the yield in chickpea 42 % over late planting. 2. Chickpea seed treated with inoculum increased the yield 28 % over untreated seed. 3. The quality seed of chickpea increased the yield (60 %) over poor/inferior quality seed. 4. Seeding rate of chickpea 80 kg ha-1 increased the yield 60 % over 40 kg ha-1. 5. Different application rates of methamedophos (insecticide) revealed that 1 liter ha-1 significantly controlled the short horn grass hopper and increased the seed yield up to 45 % over control. 6. Chickpea appeared 5 to 6 times more economical than wheat or barley in arid areas of D.I.Khan.

  21. 7. Intercropping of chickpea in wheat with 1:1 ratio gave the highest return of Rs.1301 ha-1 over wheat alone. 8. Intercropping of local cucumber in chickpea gave an increase 26 % over chickpea alone. 9. Use of improved technologies in chickpea increased the yield 30 % over traditional practices. 10. Rotation of one year chickpea and wheat appeared the best rotation over continuous cropping of wheat for obtaining maximum yield. 11. Chickpea crop gave higher yield of 24 % in rice based soils as compared to non rice based. 12. Light grazing of chickpea increased the yield 30 % over ungrazed crop and also provided approximately 2 tonnes green fodder/acre in Rodkohi soils. Overall 39 % more income produced over ungrazed crop.

  22. 13. Row spacing of 30 cm was found optimum for chickpea and lentil. 14. Optimum fertilizer rate 20:40 kg NP ha-1 was found for maximum grain yield of chickpea.

  23. Canola Rapeseed

  24. 1. Introduced canola type rapeseed to create the awareness about its oil to be used as edible oil among the farmers for its promotion. 2. Canola type rapeseed cut at bud stage as a fodder/ vegetable (Saag) decreased the yield but the aggregate profit increased by 45 % over control (un-cut) with the compensation through fodder yield. 3. Removal of secondary branches in canola (rapeseed) at flowering stage produced 8 tones green fodder without reducing yield while oil content also increased by 2-2.5 % with the said practice.

  25. Mungbean

  26. 1. Planting from June 15 to late June increased the yield in mungbean 40 % over July planting. 2. The insecticide (Methamedophos) @ 1 lit ha-1 appeared the best rate for short horn grass hopper control in mungbean and gave maximum VCR (1:15) ha-1. 3. The recommended inputs i.e fertilizer (20:5 kg N: P2O5), insecticide Methamedophos ( 1 lit ) and weed control (3.7 lit) Pendemethaline gave maximum yield increase i.e. (71% over control/ ha). 4. Different application rates of phosphorus with basal dose of 20 kg N ha-1on mungbean revealed that 50 kg P ha-1 increased the seed yield 33 % over control and appeared economical over higher rates.

  27. Sorghum

  28. 1. Application of 90 kg N ha-1 in three equal splits through soil appeared the best method for obtaining maximum yield. 2. Nitrogen (90 kg ha-1) applied through soil appeared superior than foliar application. 3. Intercropping 2 rows of sorghum followed by 2 rows of mung bean gave higher monetary return of Rs. 6643/- per hactare over sole cropping.

  29. Arid Horticulture

  30. Collected sixteen (16) improved cultivars of date palm germplasm i.e, Dhakki, Zaidi, Mobini, Obaidullah Wali, Sarkari, Shamran, Bharam, Khudravi, Basra, Hussaini, Muzawati, Sabzo, Shakri, Gulistan, Noll and Denra to have true to type cultivars for further multiplication among the area’s farmers. • 2. Established local root stock of ber (zizyphus) and grafted with fourteen (14) improved ber cultivars, i.e, Sufi Sanaghar, Ajmeri Gilli, Haq Nawaz, Chambeli Gubba, Karela, Sufan, Late Gola, White Gola, Sufi Sialkoti, Dehli White, Mehmood Wali, Ajooba, Mustaq wali and Gola to strengthen improved germplasm for further dissemination to area growers.

  31. Range Grasses

  32. 1. Maintained five range grasses spp. i.e, Mott grass, N.B.Hybrid, Elephant grass, Kazangola and Chloris gayana for further multiplication. 2. Row spacing of 50 cm was found most appropriate as compared with 100 and 150 cm for all the above spp. 3. Out of five range grasses the highest green fodder yield of 39 t ha-1 was obtained from N.B. hybrid followed by Mott grass with 35 t ha-1 with the irrigation interval of 30 days. 4. The irrigation intensity significantly affected the green fodder yield of all above grass species. In case no irrigation N.B. was highly effected (65 %) while Chloris gayana (23 %) with 30 days interval.

  33. Mazri (Nannorrhops ritchieana)

  34. 1. Identified mazri plant as a best source of earning among the local flora in sandy belt, use for making different types of ropes, utensils and handicrafts. 2. The highest emergence value of 87 % of mazri plants recorded in the treatment having 6 inches seed depth followed by 8 inches. 3. Kharif (July) rainy season was found most appropriate season for sowing of mazri as compared to spring (february) season.

  35. Mazri Products

  36. Prepared by Dr Rahmatullah Khan, AZRI DI Khan

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