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Nucleus & Nucleolus

Nucleus & Nucleolus. By Dan Intartaglio & Joel Skivington. History. -Discovered in 1831 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown -Suggested the nucleus played a key role in fertilization and development of the embryo in plants -Name (nucleus) derived from the Latin word for kernel/nut.

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Nucleus & Nucleolus

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  1. Nucleus &Nucleolus By Dan Intartaglio & Joel Skivington

  2. History -Discovered in 1831 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown -Suggested the nucleus played a key role in fertilization and development of the embryo in plants -Name (nucleus) derived from the Latin word for kernel/nut Robert Brown 1773-1858

  3. Main Characteristics • Membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells • Generally found in the central region of the cell (in animal cells) • Roughly spherically shaped • Largest and most easily seen organelle

  4. Primary Functions within the Cell • Repository of genetic information (DNA & RNA) • Enables the synthesis of nearly all proteins • Houses the nucleolus • Responsible for production of ribosomes • Selective transportation of regulatory factors and energy molecules through nuclear pores

  5. Structure

  6. Nuclear Envelope Consists of: • Phospholipid bi-layer membrane • Nuclear Pores • Ribosomes

  7. Nuclear Pores • Allow small molecules to diffuse easily between nucleoplasm & cytoplasm • Control passage of proteins & RNA protein complexes • Import: proteins moving in to be incorporated into nuclear structure or to catalyze nuclear activities • Export: RNA / RNA-protein complexes to the cytoplasm

  8. Nucleolus • Largest structure present inside the boundaries of the nucleus • Dark staining zone in center of nucleus • Where intensive synthesis of ribosomal RNA takes place • Main components are ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins

  9. Progeria • Caused by a mutation in gene LMNA (Lamin-A) • LMNA gene produces the Lamin A protein, which is the structural scaffolding that holds the nucleus of a cell together • Defective Lamin A protein makes the nucleus unstable. That nuclear instability appears to lead to the process of premature aging in Progeria.

  10. Questions • What is the dark spot at the center of the nucleus called? • Golgi apparatus • Nuclear pore • Nucleolus • Ribosome • What are the primary functions of a nuclear pore? • Photosynthesis • Production of proteins • Storage of genetic material • Import / Export of specific molecules

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