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Anthony Menicucci Bill Fan Nathan Burns. Keith Jansen Chris King. Group 2. Design Theory. February 1, 2006. Design Theory. Design defined Guiding the design process Design Elements Industrial, Engineering and Craft design The design process and benchmarking.
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Anthony Menicucci Bill Fan Nathan Burns Keith Jansen Chris King Group 2 Design Theory February 1, 2006
Design Theory • Design defined • Guiding the design process • Design Elements • Industrial, Engineering and Craft design • The design process and benchmarking
Design must first be defined in order to create astatically pleasing objects to the eye.How is design defined?
Though this is art, how does this Zen Buddhist picture create simplicity?
This Japanese room exhibits qualities of simplicity and order.
Design is the process of inventing artifacts that display a new physical order , organization and form in response to function.
More so, design is creative problem solving.In application to this class, design is the ability to market what you have made.
What design elements help make the “iPod nano” superior visually, to its competitor the “Zen micro”.
Technology alters as time passes, and so seemingly would design. However, design elements can be seen reappearing throughout history.
Guiding The Design Process • Primary consideration • Functional Requirements • Material Requirements • Visual Requirements Albert Einstein
Functional Requirements • A product must fit the purpose or need for which it is intended. • You don’t want a appliance that is difficult and awkward to use, the tool that fails to perform as intended. Example: Bottle Opener
Functional Requirements • Make it easy to use! • Tools must be usable. Example: Hacksaw • The blade is positioned so that cuts can be made flush to the surface • Handle provides a safe, comfortable, and convenient shape for holding the tool in use. Hacksaw
Functional Requirements • Considerable attention must be given to the matter of functionality. • When designing the specifications of a desk chair, the bodily dimensions of the consumer must be taken into account.
Functional Requirements The Ultimate Computer Chair by Roger Arrick • For Whom? • Other chairs have other functions and must be designed for their special uses, such as those for typists, dentists and drafters.
Functional Requirements • Let function guide the design effort • Designers can be guilty of allowing artistic views to interfere with the function of the product. • However, there lies a certain danger in oversimplifying the role of function in design.
Material Requirements • The project or product should reflect a simple, direct, and practical use of the substance of which it is made. • The designer should achieve maximum benefit from a minimum amount of wisely selected materials. • The structure of the product will be sound and will be as strong as necessary without any waste of materials or excess bulk.
Material Requirements • Woods • Wood is warm, pleasing, soft,insulating, easily worked, but not as strong as most metals and plastics. • Types of wood include Cedar, Maple, Oak, Poplar, and Balsa.
Material Requirements • Metals • Metals are durable, fire proof, tough, harder to work with than wood, and can be fabricated by a broad range of processes, but they rust and corrode and can be noisy. • Metals can be bent, folded, and formed. • Types of metals include Aluminum, Brass, Copper, Steel, Lead, and Tin.
Material Requirements • Plastics • Plastic is easily formed, insulating, subject to temperature limitations, quiet, break resistant, and can be compounded to meet almost any product requirement. • Types include Nylon, fiberglass, Polycarbonate, and HDPE. O-Rings
Material Requirements • Ceramics • Are noisy, brittle, good insulators, easy to form while in a plastic state, and can withstand high temperatures, but difficult to form or modify after they have been fired or set. Fong Choo
Material Requirements Mill • Factors in choosing material. • Cost • Knowledge of materials • Knowledge of material limitations • Applications- material that can be used for soldering, welding, and gluing. • Purpose • Machine Process
Example: Industrial Casters Used for rolling supports for furniture or equipment that is frequently moved from place to place.
Industrial Caster • Functional Requirements • Some are slick and slippery so they can slide aimlessly rather than rolling smoothly and providing convenient movement without scratching the floor.
Industrial Caster • Material Requirements • Wheel material so often is wood, brittle plastic, or hard rubber, which wears and flattens in time so that the caster is permanent.
Industrial Caster • Visual Requirements • This caster also is a classic formal display of unity and variety, with a smooth transition from one visual element to another.
Visual Requirements • A project or product should have a pleasing appearance to the consumer. • A project or product should have beauty, good taste, and a sensitivity to appearance. • Humans respond more positively to pleasing objects rather than ugly objects.
Visual Requirements • It should be noted that engineering designers generally are less concerned with appearance than are industrial designers. • A technical person designing an automotive disc brake does not really care what it looks like. Brake Rotor
Visual Requirements • The Elements and Principles of Design. • Balance • Proportion • Colors • Textures • Structure
Elements of Design • The 4 Basic symbols • Lines, Planes, Forms, and Surface Qualities • Separated into 2 Classes of Design Elements • First class: Lines • Second Class: Planes, Forms, and Surface Qualities
Line Elements Curve lines-express a feeling that is not of strength, but rather of elegances and beauty. Straight lines-express aggressive, strength, and passive emotions.
Forms, and Surface Qualities Forms-three-dimensional constructions comprised of combinations of lines and planes. Surface Qualities-faces of planes enhanced, embellished, or modified by color and texture to add interest or emphasis to a design.
The qualities of a surface • 2 Reflective qualities of a surface • Color • Texture
A design of lines, planes, forms, and surface qualities working together in harmony.
Design Principles • Unity and Variety-within a design there must be a sense of belonging or similarity among the components parts to the order and wholeness.
Design Principles • Balance and Proportion • Golden Section-a formula developed in 600 BC, by the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras to define the concept of natural harmony. • Optical balance- balance that can be visually seen. • Formal symmetry • Informal symmetry
Industrial and Engineering Design • Industrial Design • Defining industrial design • Visual aspects of design • Ergonomics • Engineering Design • Defining engineering design • Steps for design problem solving • Form vs. Function
Industrial Design Industrial Design: The Professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value, and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer.
Visual aspects of design • One aspect of Industrial design is to make a product more visually appealing to the consumer. Product shell and machine covering designs are one way this is achieved. The other is through the total design of artifacts.
Ergonomics Ergonomics: The applied science of equipment design, as for the workplace, intended to maximize productivity by reducing operator fatigue and discomfort. • Ergonomics is another aspect of Industrial design that deals directly with the consumer.
Engineering design Engineering design: The process by which a need is transformed into an actuality.
