TENSES

1. TENSES

3. The Simple Present is frequently used in English. It is also called Present Simple. Have a look at the following examples: 1) repeated actions (every day, always, often, sometimes or never) My friend often draws nice posters. I never drink milk. 2) things in general The sun rises in the East. 3) fixed arrangements, scheduled events (e.g. timetable) The plane flies to London every Monday. 4) actions in the present - one follows after the other (first - then, after that) First I get up, then I have breakfast. 5) instructions Open your books at page 34. 6) after special verbs, which are normally not used with the Present Progressive (These verbs express states, possessions, feelings etc.)be, believe, belong, hate, hear, like, love, mean, prefer, remain, realize, see, seem, smell, think, understand, want, wish I understand English.He doesn't like fish.

4. Past Simple Tense 1) action finished in the past I visited Berlin last week. 2) series of completed actions in the past First I got up, then I had breakfast 3) together with the Past Progressive/Continuous - The Simple Past interrupted an action which was in progress in the past. They wereplaying cards when the telephone rang.

5. EMPHATIC (DO) …….You did not go to school yesterday,did you? = Yes,I did go to school yesterday. …….Your brother dos not like fish,does he? = Yes,he does like fish

6. Present Progressive - Use 1) actions happening at the moment of speaking Peter isreading a book now. 2) fixed plan in the near future She isgoing to Basel on Saturday. 3) temporary actions His father isworking in Rome this month. 4) actions happening around the moment of speaking (longer actions) My friend ispreparing for his exams. 5) trends More and more people areusing their computers to listen to music. 6) repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker (with always, constantly, forever) Andrew is always coming late.

7. NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS Suppose-believe-know-remember-wish-desire-forgive-see-feel-smell-taste-be-think-look-have-promise-advise-refuse-forget-want-need-imagine-realize-notice……. The doctor is seeing the patients You are being rude I am feeling better now Mum is smelling the flowers

8. Past Progressive - Use 1) actions were in progress at special time in the past Peter was reading a book yesterday evening. 2) two actions were happening at the same time (the actions do not influence each other) Anne was writing a letter while Steve was reading the New York Times. 3) together with the Simple Past While we were sitting at the breakfast table, the telephone rang. 4) repeated actions irritating the speaker (with always, constantly, forever) Andrew was always coming in late.

9. Hope / Wonder (past continuous) I was wondering if you could help me fill in this form… I was hoping if you could give me a lift to the airport ( less direct )

10. Present Perfect – UseThe Present Perfect is not easy to understand for ESL learners. It is a combination of past and present. An actions in the past has something to do with the present. 1) Result of an action in the past is important in the present (It is not important when this action happened. When we use a specific time in the past - e.g. yesterday - then we use the Simple Past.) I have cleaned my room. (It is clean now.)Has Peggy ever been to Tokyo? (Has Peggy been there or not?) 2) Recently completed actions He has just played handball. (It is over now.) 3) Actions beginning in the past and still continuing - mostly with since (point of time) or for (period of time) We have lived in Canada since 1986. (We still live there.) 4) together with lately, recently, yet I have been to London recently. (no specific point of time)He has not written the e-mail yet. (He has not done it.)

11. Present Perfect Progressive – UseThe Present Perfect Progressive is not easy to understand for ESL students. It is a combination of past and present where actions in the past have something to do with the present. The focus is not on the result (this is the Present Perfect) but on the action itself. 1) Actions beginning in the past and still continuing (focus is on the action) - mostly with since (point of time) or for (period of time) I have been waiting for you for three hours. (It was a long time.) 2) Recently completed actions (focus is on the action) She has been watching too many videos. (It was too much time.)

12. Nonprogressive (want-wish) exceptions I have been wishing to visit your mother since I heard that she was ill. Look that lovely shirt in the shop window!I have been wanting one like that for some time.

13. FOR - SINCE We have not seen her……..she left Istanbul. They have been living in Ankara……..last year. She has been talking on the phone………..more than half an hour He has been trying to pass the university exam…………at least three years. Mr Brown has been the President...........the foundation of the institution

14. Past Perfect - Use 1) Together with the Simple Past When two past actions are combined - the first action, which was completed before the second one began, is put into Past Perfect. Mary had read the book before she watched a film.After Amy had gone home it started to rain.

15. Aftershehad taken an aspirin,she felt better I finished my exam paper before the bell rang I did not interrupted him until/till he finished-had finished his speech As soon as the guests left-had left ,I went straight to the bed (after-as soon as) Once I had found where he lived,I went to see him. The young couple had no sooner left the party than people began to gossip about them =No sooner had the young couple left the party than…….. By the time she came back ,I had finished my work.

16. Going to-future - UseThe going to-future is one future tense. There are other future tenses, like the will-future, the Present Progressive, the Future Progressive/Continuous and the Simple Present.We use the going to-future: 1) planned actions in the future We are going to sing at the party.They are going to fly to South Africa. 2) You are certain that sth. is going to happen in the future. Look at this car! It is going to crash into the yellow one.

17. will-future - UseThe will-future is one future tense. There are other future tenses, like the going to-future, the Present Progressive, the Future Progressive/Continuous and the Simple Present. 1) Future actions happen without the speaker's intention (birthday, weather, etc.) The sun will shine tomorrow.Peter will be 15 next Tuesday. 2) Predictions, assumptions (I think, I hope, I'm sure, I'm afraid) I think Sue will arrive in Paris at 6 pm. 3) Spontaneous actions (not planned) Hang on! I'll have a word with you.

18. WILL – SHALL (I , we) We will/shall invite them to the party. We shall not /will not go to the party. SHALL NOT=SHAN’T WILL NOT =WON’T WILL/ SHALL =‘LL short forms

19. Future Perfect Use sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future Form will + have + past participle Example I will have written the letter by tomorrow.

20. Future Perfect Progressive/Continuous Use sth. that will have already begun and will be continuing in the future Form will + have + been + infinitive + ing Example I will have been swimming for an hour by 6.30.

21. Future Progressive/Continuous Use 1) An action will be in progress at a certain time in the future. This action has begun before the certain time. 2) Something happens because it normally happens. Form will + be + infinitive + ing

23. TENSES 1. When Carol (call)………..last night, I (watch) ……… my favorite show on television. 2. I (work) ………. for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I retire! 3. Thomas is an author. He (write) ………. mystery novels and travel memoirs. He (write) ………. since he was twenty-eight. Altogether, he (write) ………. seven novels, three collections of short stories and a book of poetry.

24. 4. Right now, Jim (read) ………. the newspaper and Kathy (make) ………. dinner. Last night at this time, they (do) ………. the same thing. She (cook) ………. and he (read) ………. the newspaper. Tomorrow at this time, they (do, also) ………. the same thing. She (prepare) ………. dinner and he (read) ……….. They are very predictable people! 5. Jane talks on the phone. Bob has been talking on the phone for an hour. Mary is talking on the phone. *Who is not necessarily on the phone now? ………. 6. Jane is talking in class. Bob always talks in class. Mary is always talking in class. *Whose action bothers you? ……….

25. 7. Jane never left Jamestown. Bob has never left Jamestown. Who is still alive? 8. I (see) ………. many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt. Pictures of the monuments are very misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small. 9. When I (arrive) ………. home last night, I discovered that Jane (prepare) ………. a beautiful candlelight dinner.

26. 10. By the time I got to the office, the meeting (begin, already) ……….without me. My boss (be) ………. furious with me and I (be) ………. fired. 11. When I (turn) ………. the radio on yesterday, I (hear) ………. a song that was popular when I was in high school. I (hear, not) ………. the song in years, and it (bring) ………. back some great memories. 12. Last week, I (run) ………. into an ex-girlfriend of mine. We (see, not) ………. each other in years, and both of us (change) ………. a great deal. I (enjoy) ………. talking to her so much that I (ask) ……….her out on a date. We are getting together tonight for dinner.

27. 13. I (visit) ………. so many beautiful places since I (come) ………. to Utah. Before moving here, I (hear, never) ………. of Bryce Canyon, Zion, Arches, or Canyonlands. 14. Right now, I am watching TV. Tomorrow at this time, I (watch) ………. TV as well. 15. When you (get) ………. off the plane, I (wait) ………. for you.