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Computing Fundamantals

Computing Fundamantals. Session 2. With thanks to Laudon & Laudon. Objectives. Hardware Components of a Computer System. Computer Hardware and Information Technology Infrastructure. Computer Hardware and Information Technology Infrastructure. Bits and Bytes.

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Computing Fundamantals

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  1. Computing Fundamantals Session 2 With thanks to Laudon & Laudon

  2. Objectives

  3. Hardware Components of a Computer System Computer Hardware and Information Technology Infrastructure

  4. Computer Hardware and Information Technology Infrastructure Bits and Bytes

  5. Computer Hardware and Information Technology Infrastructure The CPU and Primary Storage

  6. Categories of Computers and Computer Systems Client/Server Computing

  7. Software program: A series of statements or instructions to the computer Two major types of software: System software and application software System software:Generalized programs that manage the computer’s resources Application software: Programs written for or by users to perform a specific task Types of Software

  8. The Major Types of Software Types of Software

  9. Operating System Capabilities • Multiprogramming:Concurrent use of CPU by multiple programs • Virtual storage: Breaks programs into smaller portions to read as needed • Time-sharing: Allows many users to share CPU time • Multi-processing: Links two or more CPUs to work in parallel in single computer system

  10. Software written for one OS generally cannot run on another Graphical User Interface (GUI): Dominant model for user interface for operating systems and applications Types of Software PC Operating Systems

  11. Types of Software Leading PC Operating Systems • Windows XP • Windows 2000 • Windows Server 2003 • Windows 98/ME • Windows CE • Unix • Linux • Mac OS • DOS

  12. Should a company select Linux as an operating system for its major business applications? What are the management benefits Linux provides? What are the business as well as the technology issues that should be addressed when making that decision? Types of Software The Case for Linux

  13. Types of Software Object-Oriented Programming • Combine data and methods (procedures) into one object • Objects are independent, reusable building blocks • Based on concepts of class and inheritance

  14. Class and Inheritance Types of Software

  15. Types of Software Java • Object-oriented • Platform-independent • Robust; handles data, graphics, video, sound • Can create “applets”; often used on Web • Java applications tend to run slower than “native” programs

  16. Types of Software Application Software Packages and Productivity Software • Presentation graphics: Create professional-quality graphics and multimedia presentations • Integrated Software Packages and Suites: Combine two or more applications; easy data transfer • E-mail software: Computer exchange of messages • Web browsers: Access and display Web, Internet resources • Groupware: Support activities of workgroups

  17. Enterprise software: Integrates multiple business processes Legacy system: System in place for long time Middleware: Software that connects two disparate systems Enterprise application integration (EAI) software:Middleware to create hub connecting applications and application clusters Types of Software Software for Enterprise Integration and E-Business

  18. Web services: Universal standards using Internet technology for exchanging data between systems Web server: Manages requests for Web pages on computer where they are stored Application server: Middleware software handling application operations between user and back-end business systems Types of Software Software for Enterprise Integration and E-Business

  19. Types of Software A multitiered architecture for e-commerce and e-business

  20. Managing Hardware and Software Assets Hardware Technology Requirements • Capacity planning: Process of predicting when a computer hardware system becomes saturated • Scalability: Ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a larger number of users without breaking down

  21. Managing Hardware and Software Assets Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of Technology Assets • Includes both direct and indirect costs • Hardware and software acquisitions account for only 20% of TCO • TCO for a PC may run to three times original purchase price • Hidden costs can make distributed architecture more expensive than centralized mainframes

  22. Managing Hardware and Software Assets Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Cost Components • Hardware acquisition • Software acquisition • Installation • Training • Support • Maintenance • Infrastructure • Downtime • Space and energy

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