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Introduction to Sensors

Introduction to Sensors. Or, How the world gets into our programs. Mechatronic Systems. MicroController. Decision Making. The World. World to Signal. Actuation. The World to Signal. Sensors or Transducers. Convert one physical phenomenon to another. Signal Conditioning.

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Introduction to Sensors

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  1. Introduction to Sensors Or, How the world gets into our programs

  2. Mechatronic Systems MicroController Decision Making The World World to Signal Actuation

  3. The World to Signal Sensors or Transducers Convert one physical phenomenon to another Signal Conditioning Match sensor output to the microcontroller’s input Examples that you Encounter Daily

  4. Operational Amplifier

  5. What can the Microcontroller Measure ? Hint: Only 2 things Time Every Microcontroller can measure the passage of time If necessary purely with software Voltage Microcontrollers with an Analog to Digital converter (A/D)

  6. What can the Microcontroller Measure ?

  7. Basic Sensors: Light PhotoCells CdS Resistance Varies with Incident Light More Light = Lower Resistance Spectral Response Approximates Human Eye Dynamic Response Power Rating

  8. CdS Photocell Specifications

  9. CdS Photocells: How do you use them? In a voltage divider to generate a voltage Anywhere you can use a resistor to vary a circuit’s output Does that suggest another possible circuit?

  10. How else could you use a Photocell?

  11. Basic Sensors: Light Photo-Transistors NPN only Light Replaces the base current Spectral Response Dynamic Response

  12. Directional Characteristics Sensitivity/Linearity

  13. LTR3208E Data Sheet

  14. Phototransistors: How Do You Use Them? Simple Ways

  15. Phototransistors: How Do You Use Them? Better Way

  16. Simplest: Reed Switch Basic Sensors: Magnetic Field

  17. Basic Sensors: Magnetic Field Hall Sensors Semiconductors Switches Analog

  18. Uni-Polar Linear BiPolar

  19. Linear Output Sensor Measuring Rotation Digital Output Sensor Using Bias Magnet

  20. Measuring Position Translate Movement to ??? To Voltage What are examples of ???

  21. Optical Sensors for Position Reflective

  22. Optical Sensors for Position Transmissive

  23. Encoders For Position Sensing Combine the Transmissive Optical Sensor With a rotating Mask

  24. Encoder: How it works Quadrature

  25. Encoders: Where Do You Find Them? Printers Disk Drives

  26. Basic Sensors: Temperature Thermistors Temperature Sensitive Resistor Large DR for DT Non-Linear But well understood

  27. Basic Sensors: Temperature Platinuum Restive Temperature Devices RTDs Wide Temperature Range Extremely Linear Very Stable Not Very Sensitive

  28. Limited Range of Resistances DR proportional to R at 0°C

  29. Basic Sensors: Light Photo-Diodes Spectral Sensitivity Speed Light Sensitivity

  30. Wide Dynamic Range

  31. LTR516AD Data Sheet

  32. Photodiodes: how Do You Use Them?

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