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Egypt

Egypt. “Gift of the Nile”. Ancient Egypt. Chronology* (all dates BCE). c. 3100-2700: Early Dynastic Dynasties 1-2 c. 2700-2200: Old Kingdom Dynasties 3-6 c. 2200-2050: First Intermediate Period Dynasties 7-10 c. 2050-1652: Middle Kingdom Dynasties 11-12.

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Egypt

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  1. Egypt “Gift of the Nile”

  2. Ancient Egypt

  3. Chronology*(all dates BCE) • c. 3100-2700: Early Dynastic • Dynasties 1-2 • c. 2700-2200: Old Kingdom • Dynasties 3-6 • c. 2200-2050: First Intermediate Period • Dynasties 7-10 • c. 2050-1652: Middle Kingdom • Dynasties 11-12 * This basic framework was provided by Manetho, an Egyptian priest and historian of the early 3rd century BCE.

  4. Chronology (cont.) • c. 1652-1567: Second Intermediate Period • Dynasties 13-17 • c. 1567-1085: New Kingdom • Dynasties 18-20 • c. 1085-30: Post-Imperial Period • Dynasties 21-31

  5. The geographical imperative • “gift of the Nile” • Herodotus • cf. Mesopotamia, India. China, etc.

  6. Hymn to the Nile • Hail to you, O Nile, that issues from the earth and comes to keep Egypt alive! • He that waters the meadows that Re created…. • He that makes to drink the desert and the place distant from water….

  7. Natural bounty • Right: hunting birds

  8. Agricultural plenty

  9. Hymn to the Pharaoh • He has come unto us and has united the Two Lands…. • He has come unto us and has brought the Black Land under his sway; he has apportioned to himself the Red Land…. • He has come unto us and has made Egypt to live; he has banished its suffering….

  10. Hatshepsut (d. c. 1481 BCE) Pharaohs (cont.) Akhenaten (c. 1364-1347 BCE)

  11. Ramses II (c. 1304-1237 BCE) Ramses III c. 1188-1156 BCE) Pharaohs (cont.) • Battle of Kaddesh • Hittites • Sea Peoples

  12. Monumental architecture • Right: Zoser’s step pyramid (c. 2650 BCE) • Below: the great pyramids at Giza

  13. Architecture (cont.) • Anatomy of a pyramid

  14. War and weapons

  15. War and weapons (cont.)

  16. War and weapons (cont.)

  17. The afterlife

  18. Early hieroglyphics Writing

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