The Colonies Come of Age

1. The Colonies Come of Age Chapter 3 Power-Point Notes

2. England and its Colonies Prosper • Established colonies based on theory of mercantilism • Concentrated on their “Balance of Trade” • England viewed the colonists’ pursuit of foreign markets as an economic threat • 1651, Parliament passed the Navigation Acts

3. Tensions Emerge • Britain takes New England’s charter away • Sir Edmund Andros appointed ruler of New England • 1689, Glorious Revolution begins back in England • Colonists launch bloodless rebellion of their own

4. England Loosens the Reins • England began policy of Salutary Neglect • Colonial Assemblies had great power and influence over appointed governors • Colonies developing a taste for self-government that would eventually create the conditions for rebellion • North and South start to become 2 very distinct regions

5. A Plantation Economy Arises • Plantation system began to dominate the South • Most farms specialized in raising a single cash crop • Charles Town was the only large port city of the South • Planters controlled most of the economy

6. Commerce Grows in the North • Farms in New England and Middle colonies usually produced several crops • Diverse commercial economy developed • Merchants were one of the most powerful groups in the north • Many large port cities grew

7. Similarities between North and South • Many immigrants migrated to both the South and North • Women considered second-class citizens • Population of indentured servants declined at the end of the 1600s. • Both began to use African slaves

8. Portraits of Slavery

9. Slavery in the North vs. Slavery in the South • Most saw Africans’ dark skin as a sign of inferiority • Much higher population of slaves in the South as compared to the north • In the South, slaves were treated like animals • In the North, slaves at least had some legal rights

10. New Ideas Influence the Colonists • The Enlightenment movement exploded in the 1700s • Ben Franklin became leading figure in the Enlightenment • Jonathan Edwards had a different view of humanity than Franklin • The Great Awakening grew around preachers like Edwards • Although different, both movements caused people to question traditional authority

11. The French and Indian War Begins • British and French empires in North America collided in 1754 • George Washington’s militia attacked the fort in May of 1754 – French and Indian War begins • Angered by French victories, King George II chose William Pitt as one of his new leaders • September 1759, British triumph in Quebec • Officially ends with signing of Treaty of Paris in 1763

12. Effects of the War

13. Victory Brings New Problems • 1763, Pontiac led Native revolt against British • Proclamation of 1763 signed to prevent further conflicts • British cracked down hard on Colonial smuggling • Stationed 10,000 British troops in colonies • 1764, Sugar Act enacted • These disagreements would soon swell into outright rebellion in the colonies