The Colonies Come of Age

1. The Colonies Come of Age Chapter 3

2. England & Its Colonies • Est. colonies to increase wealth & power • Mercantilism – colonies provide raw materials and become a market for English goods • Economic growth exceeded G.B. • Imposed Navigation Acts which regulated and restricted colonial trade

3. Navigation Acts • Must be shipped on British or colonial ships – same with crew • Must be shipped with British or colonial crew • Only allowed to ship to England

4. Colonists Reaction • Colonists were not happy • Smugglers attempted to evade the laws • Could get more $ if they traded directly with other countries • The rebelling began!

5. Agricultural South • Economy based upon agriculture • Rural & self-sufficient • GA – indigo & rice • MD, VA & NC – tobacco (tripled in price = $$$)

6. Southern Society • Women • no rights • domestic responsibilities • Indentured Servants • Lived in harsh conditions

7. Slavery • Satisfy labor needs • Increased when indentured servants decreased • 1690 – 1750 increase of 185,000 slaves • Mostly in the south • Stono Rebellion

8. The Commercial North • Middle colonies: wheat, corn, cattle & hogs • Northern colonies grinded wheat, fished and sold lumber

9. IMMIGRANTS • ½ million Europeans • Religious freedom, economic opportunity, flee wars or start a new life

10. Background on the French & British • France and Britain were rivals • British populated the majority of the New World • 1,000,000 Brits vs. 80,000 French • Had fought 3 wars in 50 years

11. Social Differences • French • Mainly boys and men • Economy revolved around fur trading • Friendly with natives British • Est. towns • Created farming communities • Centered around farming life • Threatened native life

12. The French & Indian War Begins • Began in Ft. Necessity with Colonel Washington fighting the French – he lost • Indians side with the French • British suffered early losses due to guerilla war tactics of French and Indians

13. Winning the War • British use germ warfare – small pox • British wanted French out of Ohio Valley • 50,000 soldiers were sent to the colonies • British were now winning the war

14. Treaty of Paris • Ended the war in 1763 • Frances gives up Canada and territory east of the Mississippi River • Allowed to keep some Caribbean Islands

15. Significance of the War • Created pride in the empire – working together • Left England broke – forced to raise taxes • No more foreign threats to colonists

16. Colonial Effects • Proclamation of 1763 – attempt to keep colonists east of the Appalachian Mts. • ineffective • Britain needs to protect more land • Forced to pay taxes for increased protection and to pay off war debt • Sugar Act • Many smuggled goods • “No taxation without representation!” = REBELLION

17. Stirrings of Rebellion • Boycott of British goods • Stamp Act, Townshend Act • “Boston Massacre” • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts

18. Stamp Act 1765 Tax placed on goods and services any PAPER product REACTION: protest, boycott, Declaration of Rights and Grievances Colonists stand together Causes for Revolution

19. Townshend Act 1767 Tax on imported items Troops to protect ports REACTION: “No taxation without representation” Boycott and smuggling began Causes for Revolution

20. Boston Massacre 1770 Competition for jobs between colonists 4 colonists die REACTION: publish dramatic reactions Causes for Revolution

21. Tea Act 1773 Can only buy British Tea REACTION: rebels dumped 15,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor Causes for Revolution

22. Intolerable Acts 1774 Closed Boston Harbor and began quartering troops REACTION: 1st Continental Congress and draw up a declaration of colonial rights Causes for Revolution

23. Intolerable Acts 1774 Closed Boston Harbor and began quartering troops REACTION: 1st Continental Congress and draw up a declaration of colonial rights Causes for Revolution

24. 1st Continental Congress • Philadelphia 1774 • declaration of colonial rights • agreed to fight back against the British

25. Lexington & Concord • “One if by land, two if by sea” • British Gen. Gage ordered troops to seize illegal weapons in Concord • British arrived, but MINUTEMEN were prepared • 8 minutemen were killed in Lexington • Concord – ammo was moved

26. 2nd Continental Congress • Philadelphia 1775 • John Adams proposes an independent government • George Washington declared commander

27. Olive Branch Petition • Effort by Congress to restore relations • Rejected by King George • British establish a navel blockade • Rejection encourages colonists for independence

28. “Common Sense” • Written by Thomas Paine • Argues and gains support for independence • Written for the commoner

29. Declaration of Independence • Written by Thomas Jefferson • Enlightenment ideas • John Locke • Life, liberty, property, contract between people & government

30. Declaration of Independence • Government gets their powers from the people • “All men are created equal” – not blacks, natives or women • 27 grivences

31. Declaration of Independence • July 4, 1776 adopted by the 2nd Continental Congress • Divided the colonists • Patriots • Loyalists (Tories)

32. Taking Sides • Many colonists were neutral • Slaves were offered freedom by British • 60,000 fought for GB • Natives supported the British • Thought they would win

33. Revolutionary War (Middle States)