FORMING A GOVERNMENT (1771–1791)

1. Chapter 8 FORMING A GOVERNMENT(1771–1791) Section 1: The Articles of Confederation Section 2: Problems in the New Nation Section 3: The Constitution Section 4: Ratification of the Constitution

2. Section 1: The Articles of Confederation OBJECTIVES • What ideas and documents shaped American beliefs about government? • How did state constitutions contribute to the development of representative government? • What powers did the central government have under the Articles of Confederation? • What did the Northwest Ordinance accomplish?

3. Section 1: The Articles of Confederation American Ideas and Documents About Government • Magna Carta(1215) and English Bill of Rights(1689) • The Enlightenment – the use of reason and expressed a belief in human goodness • Town meetings and Virginia House of Burgesses • Great Awakening – a widespread Christian movement that emphasized faith in God • Mayflower Compact • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

4. Section 1: The Articles of Confederation The State Constitutions Influence • created a republic and limited government • protected individual rights of citizens • supported separation of church and state • expanded suffrage

5. Section 1: The Articles of Confederation Powers of Government underThe Articles of Confederation • could make coins and borrow money • could negotiate and make treaties • could settle conflicts between states • could ask states for money and soldiers

6. Section 1: The Articles of Confederation The Northwest Ordinance • created the Northwest territory • created a system for bringing new states into the union • included a bill of rights • provided for education • banned slavery

7. Section 2: Problems in the New Nation OBJECTIVES • How did other nations treat the new government of the United States? • What economic problems arose under the Articles of Confederation? • What were the causes and consequences of Shay’s Rebellion?

8. Section 2: Problems in the New Nation A Lack of Respect • Foreign governments treated the new government of the U.S. with a lack of respect. • The government was viewed as being weak and powerless.

9. Section 2: Problems in the New Nation Economic Problems under the Articles of Confederation • international trade issues • domestic problems • unequal exports and imports • no power to pass tariffs nor regulate interstate commerce • inflation and depression

10. Section 2: Problems in the New Nation Causes of Shay’s Rebellion: • high taxes • heavy debt • farm foreclosures • imprisonment for debt Consequences of Shay’s Rebellion: • revolt • demand for a stronger central government

11. Section 3: The Constitution OBJECTIVES • Why did the delegates meet for the Constitutional Convention? • What were some of the main issues debated and compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention? • How is the federal government balanced under the U.S. Constitution?

12. Section 3: The Constitution Constitutional Convention The delegates met at the Constitutional Convention to improve the Articles of Confederation.

13. Section 3: The Constitution Issues Debated at the Constitutional Convention • representation • slavery • economy • powers of the government • Virginia Plan • New Jersey Plan

14. Section 3: The Constitution Compromises Reached at the Constitutional Convention • The Great Compromise (1787) • Three-Fifths Compromise (1787) The Great Compromise (1787) – an agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention establishing that a state’s population would determine representation in the lower house of the legislature, while each state would have equal representation in the upper house of the legislature

15. Section 3: The Constitution Constitutional Balance of the Federal Government • federalism – system of government in which power is distributed between the central authority and individual states • legislative, executive, and judicial branches • checks and balances

16. Section 4: Ratification of the Constitution OBJECTIVES • Why were some people against the new Constitution? • What arguments for the Constitution did the Federalist Papers present? • When and how was the Constitution ratified? • Why did some people want a bill of rights, and how was it added to the Constitution?

17. Section 4: Ratification of the Constitution Antifederalists believed the constitutional convention: • had gone too far in creating a new government • gave too much power to the central government • excluded a bill of rights

18. Section 4: Ratification of the Constitution The Federalist PapersSupport the Constitution The Federalist Papersargued that • the federal government would not overpower the states • no one group would control the government

19. Section 4: Ratification of the Constitution The Constitution The constitution went into effect in June 1788 when New Hampshire, the ninth necessary state, ratified it.

20. Section 4: Ratification of the Constitution Demanding A Bill of Rights • Many Antifederalists did not think that the Constitution would protect personal freedoms. • The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution through the amendment process.