Sustainable Use of Steel Slag in the European Union Dr. Jens Apfel Vice President Consulting

1. Sustainable Use of Steel Slag in the European UnionDr. Jens ApfelVice President Consulting

2. - 2 - AGENDA Steel Slag in Europe Legal Status of Slag in Europe Applications for Steel Slag Treatment Process Product Certification and Quality Control Marketing Strategy Conclusion Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick) Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick)

3. - 3 - Slag use for various applications has a long tradition in Europe Cement production Road construction Hydraulic engineering Fertilizer

4. - 4 - 15,2 Mio tons of steel slag have been produced in Europe in 2004

5. - 5 - 72 % of steel slag were recycled in Europe in 2004

6. - 6 - 24,6 Mio tons of blast furnace slag have been produced in Europe in 2004 and treated in three different ways.

7. - 7 - Almost 65 % of blast furnace slag is used for cement production with no final deposit.

8. - 8 - AGENDA Steel Slag in Europe Legal Status of Slag in Europe Applications for Steel Slag Treatment Process Product Certification and Quality Control Marketing Strategy Conclusion Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick) Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick)

9. - 9 - EU Waste Framework Directive includes steel slag in the corresponding list of wastes Substance or object that the holder tends to discard, intends to discard or is required to discard. Treated slag can be seen as a product not waste.

10. - 10 - European Waste Catalogue does only name unprocessed slag as a waste Granulation Pelletisation Foaming Proper solidification connected with a specified heat treatment Separation, crushing, screening, milling

11. - 11 - European Waste Shipment Regulation exclude processed slag from the waste list �Slags arising from the manufacture of iron and steel (including low alloy steel) excluding those slags which have been specifically produced to meet both national and relevant international requirements and standards.� Green list substances shall be generally excluded from control procedures of the regulation since such waste should normally not present a risk to environment.

12. - 12 - Principles of European Waste management say that steel slag has to be recycled

13. - 13 - AGENDA Steel Slag in Europe Legal Status of Slag in Europe Applications for Steel Slag Treatment Process Product Certification and Quality Control Marketing Strategy Conclusion Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick) Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick)

14. - 14 - Main application for steel slag is road construction

15. - 15 - Steel slag can even be used for asphalt layers

16. - 16 - Steel slag is an excellent material for bank reinforcement of rivers

17. - 17 - Secondary metallurgy slag with high lime content can be used as self-binding construction material

18. - 18 - Various other applications are possible Earth works (dams, walls) Paving bed Fertilizer (only secondary metallurgy slags) Internal recycling (only secondary metallurgy slags) Additive for concrete

19. - 19 - AGENDA Steel Slag in Europe Legal Status of Slag in Europe Applications for Steel Slag Treatment Process Product Certification and Quality Control Marketing Strategy Conclusion Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick) Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick)

20. - 20 - Main slag processing is mechanical treatment of cold slag

21. - 21 - Quick cooling is important for technicaland environmental properties

22. - 22 - Steel recovery pays for the slagtreatment

23. - 23 - Crushing and screening gives different products

24. - 24 - Products differ only in grain sizedistribution

25. - 25 - AGENDA Steel Slag in Europe Legal Status of Slag in Europe Applications for Steel Slag Treatment Process Product Certification and Quality Control Marketing Strategy Conclusion Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick) Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick)

26. - 26 - Steel slag has to undergo a quality control process like any other process

27. - 27 - Volume stability is main test to prove usability as construction material

28. - 28 - Volume stability is tested with water steam

29. - 29 - Volume increase with this test should not be higher than 5 Vol.-%

30. - 30 - For environmental reasons the leaching properties of slag have to be tested

31. - 31 - Germany has strict regulation on leaching properties

32. - 32 - AGENDA Steel Slag in Europe Legal Status of Slag in Europe Applications for Steel Slag Treatment Process Product Certification and Quality Control Marketing Strategy Conclusion Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick) Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick)

33. - 33 - Selling slag as a product is not an easy task because: Steel mill slags are assumed to be hazardous wastes. Public and authorities normally have only little knowledge about those materials, its formation and properties.

34. - 34 - Marketing Strategy should cover the following aspects Analysis of each kind of slag to find special properties. Looking for customers in different industries for different products. Establishing longterm relationship with customer.

35. - 35 - Marketing strategy should emphasize the advantages of slag products against natural materials High specific weight High strength Good weather resistance High resistance against polishing

36. - 36 - Longterm relationship with customers is the key to success in slag marketing Information about slag products and how to use it for special applications. Yearly report published with the newest projects and applications of slag as a building material. Open day for the public to visit the plant and to know better about slag and ist products.

37. - 37 - AGENDA Steel Slag in Europe Legal Status of Slag in Europe Applications for Steel Slag Treatment Process Product Certification and Quality Control Marketing Strategy Conclusion Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick) Our best practice data show that cost is not only linked to productivity but that there are additional ways to verify cost saving potentials. Besides the productivity increase, maintenance cost as an example for other important levers is described for an improvement of the cost situation. Usually all production figures are available for managing productivity, and maintenance figures are shown by delays to the shop floor. But in the end the cost figures have to be improved by the management and the challenge for today is how to transfer the cost targets coming from the stakeholders down to the shop floor. The change has to start at the management. With this presentation we will show how Badische Stahlwerke GmbH (BSW) has successfully realised the focus on cost besides productivity. (Mouseklick)

38. - 38 - Use of steel slags is absolutely necessary in Europe to reduce costs and to comply with environmental laws Slag use in Europe has a long tradition. European law asks for recycling of steel slag. European legislation makes it sometimes difficult to bring slag products to the market. Process technology is known and proven. Slag products can be certified and have to undergo a quality control procedure. Marketing of slag should focus on slag properties and longterm relationship with customers.