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Axonometric Projection

Axonometric Projection. Chapter 14. Objectives. Describe the differences between multiview projection, axonometric projection, oblique projection, and perspective Sketch an example of an isometric cube. Objectives (cont.).

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Axonometric Projection

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  1. Axonometric Projection Chapter 14

  2. Objectives • Describe the differences between multiview projection, axonometric projection, oblique projection, and perspective • Sketch an example of an isometric cube.

  3. Objectives (cont.) • List the advantages of multiview projection, isometric projection, oblique projection, and perspective • Create an isometric drawing given a multiview drawing • Use the isometric axes to locate drawing points

  4. Objectives (cont.) • Draw inclined and oblique surfaces in isometric • Draw angles, ellipses, and irregular curves in isometric

  5. Projection Methods

  6. Types of Axonometric Projection • Isometric – has equal foreshortening along each of the three axis directions • Dimetric – has equal foreshortening along two axis directions and a different amount on the third axis • Trimetric – has different foreshortening along all three axis directions

  7. Types of Axonometric Projection

  8. Isometric Drawing • The lines of the edges of a cube in isometric make angles of 120 degrees with each other

  9. 30-90-150 DEGREE ANGLES • Laying out the angles…. 90 30 150

  10. Non-Isometric Lines • Lines of an isometric drawing that are not parallel to the isometric axes are called non-isometric lines • These lines are those that do not follow the 30-90-150 pattern

  11. Isometric Projection • Isometric scales can be used to draw correct isometric projections • All distances are approximately 80% of true size

  12. Isometric Drawings • Isometric drawings, unlike isometric projections, are drawn using the full length measurements of the actual drawing and lacks foreshortening • The isometric drawing is about 25% larger than the isometric projection

  13. Making an Isometric DrawingA 2 X 2 X 2 CUBE • Start with construction lines of your critical angles TOP FRONT RIGHT SIDE

  14. Making an Isometric DrawingA 2 X 2 X 2 CUBE • Mark out along those lines the lengths needed. Use actual lengths! • Project from the right side information to the top and the front.

  15. Making an Isometric DrawingA 2 X 2 X 2 CUBE Connect all needed points, and then darken to finalize.

  16. Making an Isometric Drawing Creating an overall outline of the object gives the draftsman points of reference and can be a time saver vs. trying to just draw just the minimum information.

  17. Isometric Drawings of Inclined Surfaces

  18. Using “Point Reference” • Getting the right information… • We need to use point reference vs. angular reference because we cannot transfer angles directly into drawing.

  19. Using Reference Points…. • Draw an overall outline of the drawing. • Mark any reference points for the non-isometric surface • Draw in the surface by connecting the reference points • Finalize by darkening object lines. TOP FR RS

  20. Angles in Isometric • Angles project true size only when the plane containing the angle is parallel to the plane of projection • An angle may project to appear larger or smaller than the true angle depending on its position

  21. Hidden Lines and Centerlines • Hidden lines are omitted unless they are needed to make the drawing clear • Center lines are shown if they are needed to indicate symmetry or if they are needed for dimensioning

  22. Irregular Objects

  23. Irregular Objects Start with “what you know” (the square ends), then draw the sections in using them as “Points of Reference” to construct the rest of the drawing. You must draw each section in Orthographic and then transfer it to the Isometric Drawing.

  24. Curves in Isometric

  25. Ellipses in Isometric • If a circle lies in a plane that is not parallel to the plane of projection, the circle projects as an ellipse

  26. Ellipses in Isometric • Approximate ellipses can be constructed from arcs *Notice how each circle appears different in each of the views.

  27. Ellipses in Isometric • Start with creating critical points (where to put the needle and where to start the arcs)

  28. Ellipses in Isometric • Place needle and let the end lines dictate the radius.

  29. Ellipses in Isometric * Notice how each circle appears different in each of the views.

  30. Drawing a Specific Size Circle in Isometric • If you need a circle that is 1” in diameter then you need to construct a 1” square in isometric. (e.g. Right side) • Then follow the pattern used in the box to construct a proper ellipse. • Remember to use the pattern that will complete an ellipse that sits at the proper angle according to the view.

  31. Drawing Isometric Cylinders FROM THE ORIGINAL ELLIPSE, PROJECT IN THE DIRECTION OF THE CYLINDER THE POINTS WHERE THE NEEDLE IS TO BE PLACED. THE PROJECTION LINES SHOULD BE THE LENGTH OF THE CYLINDER.

  32. Screw Threads in Isometric • Parallel partial ellipses equally spaced at the symbolic thread pitch can be used to represent screw threads

  33. Arcs in Isometric

  34. Intersections

  35. Isometric Sectioning • Isometric sectioning is useful in drawing open or irregularly shaped objects

  36. Isometric Dimensioning • Isometric dimensions are similar to dimensions on multiview drawings but should match the pictorial style

  37. Exploded Assemblies

  38. Piping Diagrams

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