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Lesson one

Lesson one. CATTLE TERMS AND BY-PRODUCTS. Cattle Terms. Beef – The meat from grown cattle. Bovine – Referring to the cattle species. British Breeds – Breeds native to Great Britain. Bull - A sexually mature , uncastrated, male bovine.

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Lesson one

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  1. Lesson one CATTLE TERMS AND BY-PRODUCTS

  2. Cattle Terms Beef – The meat from grown cattle. Bovine – Referring to the cattle species. British Breeds – Breeds native to Great Britain. Bull- A sexually mature, uncastrated, male bovine. Bull Calf – A sexually immature, uncastrated, male bovine. Bullock – Young bull under two years of age. Calf Crop – Calves produced by a herd of cattle in one season. Cow – A sexually mature, female bovine. Dry Cow – A cow that is not producing milk. European (Exotic) Breeds – Breeds native to the continental Europe.

  3. Cattle Terms cont. First Calf – A term used to indicate the first calf born to bovine females. Freemartin – A sterile heifer born twin to a bull calf. About 90% will not conceive. Heifer – A young female bovine before the time that she has produced her first calf. Springer – a cow in advanced stages of pregnancy. Steer – A male bovine castrated before reaching puberty. Veal – The meat from calves slaughtered before they reach three months of age. With Calf – A heifer or cow that is pregnant. Zebu – Cattle originating in India, from which the Brahman breed was developed.

  4. Beef by-products Household Candles Ceramics Crayons Cosmetics Deodorants Detergents Floor Wax Insecticides Insulation Linoleum http://www.askthemeatman.com/beef%20by%20products.htm

  5. Beef by-products cont. Household Mouthwash Paints Paper Perfume Plastic Photographic film Shaving Cream Soaps Synthetic Rubber Textiles Toothpaste http://www.askthemeatman.com/beef%20by%20products.htm

  6. Beef by-products cont. Pharmaceuticals Blood factors (for treating hemophilia, killing viruses and making anti-rejection drugs). Chymotrypsin (promotes healing of burns and wounds). Collagen (used in plastic surgery and to make non-stick bandages). Cortisol (anti-inflammatory). Glucagon (treats hypoglycemia or low blood sugar). Heparin (anticoagulant used to treat blood clots). Insulin (for treating diabetes or high blood sugar). Pancreatin (aids in digestion of food). Thrombin (coagulant which helps blood clot). Vasopressin (controls intestinal and renal functions). Vitamin B-12 (prevention of B-Complex deficiencies). http://www.askthemeatman.com/beef%20by%20products.htm

  7. Beef by-products cont. Textures/ApparelCowhides provides us with leather, which is used to make clothing, shoes, boots, belts, purses, wallets, gloves, luggage, and automobile and furniture upholstery.Travel Antifreeze contains glycerol derived from fat. Asphalt contains a binding agent from beef fat. Beef fats and proteins are used to make auto and jet lubricants, outboard engine oil, high performance greases, and brake fluid. Glue from beef protein is used in automobile bodies. Tires have stearic acid, which makes rubber hold its shape http://www.askthemeatman.com/beef%20by%20products.htm

  8. LESSON TWO BREEDS OF CATTLE AMERICAN

  9. American Breeds Brahman, Beefmaster, Brahmousin, Brangus, Charbray, Simbrah, Santa Gertrudis

  10. Brahman • Originated in India • Characterized by a large hump over the top of the shoulder and neck • Horned • Highly developed sweat glands • Heat and Insect Resistant • Brahmans vary in color from very light gray or red to almost black. • Intelligent, inquisitive and shy • Most numerous cattle type on Earth

  11. Beefmaster • Developed in TX • Brahman, Hereford, and Shorthorn mix • Developed on the Six Essentials: Weight, Conformation, Milking Ability, Fertility, Hardiness and Disposition • “Dual Purpose” Breed • Heat, Drought and Insect resistant. • No color standard but predominantly red.

  12. Brahmousin

  13. Brangus • 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Angus. • Solid Black • Polled • Very fertile, wonderful mothers and milk producers

  14. Charbray

  15. Simbrah • Simmental and Brahman • From the Brahman: Heat and insect tolerance, hardiness and excellent foraging ability, as well as maternal calving ease and longevity. • From the Simmental: Early sexual maturity, fertility, milking ability, rapid growth and good beef characteristics.

  16. Santa Gertrudis • 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Shorthorn • A deep cherry-red color • Relatively high degree of both heat and tick resistance • Ease of calving, good mothering ability and abundant milk supply • Developed at the King Ranch in Kingsville, TX.

  17. LESSON THREE BREEDS OF CATTLE BRITISH

  18. British Black Angus, Devon, Galloway, Hereford, Highland, Shorthorn, White Park

  19. Black Angus • Developed in Angus, Scotland • Polled • Solid Black but also has a Red version called Red Angus • Brought to America in 1873 • They are resistant to harsh weather, undemanding, adaptable, good natured, mature extremely early and have a high carcass yield with nicely marbled meat. • Great mothers with an outstanding milking ability.

  20. Devon • Developed in Devon County, England. • Red • Brought to America in 1623 • Accelerated rate of maturity. • Originally horned but now has a polled variation • Noted for its fertility, calving ease, docility, hardiness and ability to adapt to temperature extremes.

  21. Galloway • Long hair coat • The coarse outer coat sheds wind and rain, while the soft, fur-like under coat provides insulation and waterproofing. • Black, Dun, Red, White, Belted • Very Docile • The belted version of the Galloway is said to be larger, with a better milking ability, and faster growth rate.

  22. Hereford • Developed in Herefordshire, England • Henry Clay brought Herefords to America in 1817 • Dark red to red-yellow, with a white face, crest, dewlap, and underline • Originally horned but also has a polled version. • Known for their vigor and foraging ability and for their longevity

  23. Scotch Highland • Developed in Scotland • Red, Black, Yellow, Dun, Silver/White • Disease and Insect resistant • Long horns and long shaggy coat • Even-tempered

  24. Shorthorn • Originated in England • Colors include: light dun, yellow, yellowish red, deep red, red and white patched, white, and roans.

  25. White Park • Horned • White with colored points: ears, nose, rims of eyes, teats and feet but excludes the tail switch. • Nearly Extinct

  26. LESSON FOUR BREEDS OF CATTLE DAIRY

  27. Dairy Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein, Jersey, Milking Shorthorn

  28. Ayrshire • Originated in Scotland • Red and White • Horned • Medium sized • Moderate Butterfat

  29. Brown Swiss • Originated in Switzerland • Considered the oldest of the dairy breeds • Light brown with creamy muzzle • Horned and polled • Robust, a prolific breeder, long-lived, strong, adaptable, and very well-balanced in build with good hooves and limbs. • Possesses the closest protein/fat ratio of any dairy breed.

  30. Guernsey • Color varies from yellow to reddish-brown with white patches. • Good temperament • Early reproductive maturity • Minimum calving complications • 60% of Guernseys carry the Kappa Casein 'B' gene which is helpful in producing cheese.

  31. Holstein • The most prolific breed of Dairy Cattle • Large cattle with color patterns of black and white or red and white • Holstein heifers can be bred at 15 months of age • Not as resistant to heat and diseases as other breeds • Good natured and resistant to stress

  32. Jersey • Second largest Dairy Breed • Typically light brown but can be gray or Mulberry (dull black) with a black nose and white muzzle • Little or no calving problems, greater fertility, a shorter calving interval, and earlier maturity. • Produces milk with the highest buttermilk content

  33. Milking Shorthorn • The most versatile of all breeds • Very docile with an ease of calving, ease of management and economy of production • Either red, red and white, white or roan. They can be horned or polled and are very docile in nature. • Shorthorn milk has the most favorable protein-fat ratio of the dairy breeds

  34. LESSON FIVE BREEDS OF CATTLE EXOTIC

  35. Exotic Belgian Blue, Charolais, Chianina, Gelbvieh, Limousin, Maine Anjou, Piedmontese, Simmental

  36. Belgian Blue • Double Muscled • White, blue roan or sometimes black • Quiet temperament • Late sexual maturity • Ease of calving, short gestation, good mobility and structure

  37. Braunvieh

  38. Charolais • Originated in France • White in color with a pink muzzle and pale hooves, horned, long bodied • Large framed beef cattle with a very deep and broad body • Tremendous muscling and conformity, ease of calving with a manageable temperament

  39. Chianina • Tallest Breed • Porcelain white with black pigmented skin, including a black tongue, palate, nose, eye area and switch. • Horned • Cows of the breed often have small udders and are not noted for their milk production. • Hybrid Vigour

  40. Gelbvieh • Originated in Bavaria • Superior fertility, calving ease, mothering ability, and growth rate of the calves. • Red or yellow in color • Horned but a polled version has developed in the U.S.

  41. Limousin • Red or Black • Developed in France • Horned • Early Maturing • Great Fertility • The head is small and short with a broad forehead, and the neck is short with a broad muzzle.

  42. Maine Anjou • Originated in France • Well-muscled • Very dark red with white markings on the head, belly, rear legs and tail. White on other parts of the body is also common.

  43. Piedmontese • Double Muscled • Originated in Italy • Born 'fawn' or tan and change to the gray-white color, with black skin pigmentation. • Dual purpose with rich milk

  44. Pinzgauer

  45. Simmental • Early sexual maturity • Very fertile with calving ease and longevity • Great milking ability, rapid growth and good beef characteristics • Originated in Switzerland • Horned or Polled • Color varies from gold to red with white

  46. Tarentaise

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