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Life in the Americas

Life in the Americas. World History Chapter 16 Section 2 Mrs. Deborah Thompson. The Mayan People. Main Idea:. The Maya adjusted to life in the tropical rain forest and built a culture based on their religious beliefs. Be able to locate the Mayans and the Aztec on the map.

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Life in the Americas

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  1. Life in the Americas World History Chapter 16 Section 2 Mrs. Deborah Thompson

  2. The Mayan People Main Idea: The Maya adjusted to life in the tropical rain forest and built a culture based on their religious beliefs.

  3. Be able to locate the Mayans and the Aztec on the map.

  4. Mayan city-states The Maya lived in the Peten, the Mayan word for “flat region.” Swamps and sinkholes connected them to underground rivers and streams and provided water.

  5. Mayan Underground Granaries

  6. In Peten, the dense forests blocked out the sun. Only because they had organized government and civilization could they have built cities and fields in Peten. Set up city-states where rulers supplied leadership and military force for building projects.

  7. believed they were descendants from the sun claimed right to rule as god-kings Mayan Rulers expected every person to serve them

  8. Video: Chamber of the Underworld

  9. HUMAN SACRIFICE WHY? A way to please and honor the gods Maya believed that the gods gave life-giving fluid in the rain Humans kept gods strong by giving their own life-giving fluid, blood

  10. HUMAN SACRIFICE Why? Mayan priests offered captives to Chac, god of rain and sunlight They believed Chac lived in waters below the sink-holes, so captives were thrown in Religion was at the core of Mayan life.

  11. Mayan Cultivation Chac, God of Rain

  12. Tikal - Wall Mask of the Rain God

  13. Hugepyramid with templetowered over every city class system set up by priests Mayan Society Women married into distant Mayan city-state royalty to strengthen tradeand form alliances WOMENhad a big role; could serve as queens What are Alliances?

  14. Tikal: Temple of the Masks

  15. Chichen-Itza - Pyramid

  16. Chichen-Itza - Observatory

  17. Overview of Tikal (Guatemala) Temple of the Masks

  18. Tikal - Main Court

  19. Tikal Jungle View at Sunset

  20. Sports & Contests Mayan Ball Game Mayan cities had many ball courts. In a Mayan ball game, teams of two or three players tried to drive a hard rubber ball through a decorated stone ring. Players wore helmets, gloves, and knee and hip guards made of animal hide to protect themselves against the hard rubber balls. They were not allowed to use their hands or feet to throw or bat the ball. They had to use their hips to drive the ball through the stone rings. Because the stone rings were placed 27 feet (8m) above the ground on a large rectangular field, players had to have incredible skill to score a goal. Making a goal was so rare that when a player scored, crowds rewarded the hero with clothing and jewelry. Scholars think that a Mayan ball game was more than a sport or contest. It had religious and symbolic meaning—as well as deadly results. The losing team was sacrificed to the gods in a ceremony after the game.

  21. Chichen-Itza - Ball Court

  22. Mayan Science and Writing The priests thought gods revealed plan in the heavens so they studied moon, stars, and sun. ADVANCES/DEVELOPMENTS: 365-day calendar method of counting based on 20 only nobles could read language but after collapse of Maya, no one could used it to predict eclipses and schedule festivals, plantings, and harvests written language to record dates and numbers in system of hieroglyphics

  23. Mayan Glyphs

  24. Mayan Glyphs sky king house child city Mayan Mathematics

  25. Mayan Drinking Cup for Chocolate

  26. Pakal: The Maya Astronaut

  27. The Maya

  28. The Aztec Main Idea: Main Idea: The Aztec moved into the Valley of Mexico, where they created an empire based on conquest and war.

  29. The Aztecs WereFierce Warriors

  30. The Aztec arrived in Mexico around A.D. 1250 Their sun god – the feathered serpent Quetzalcoatl – had promised them a home according to legend when the “eagle screams and spreads it wings and eats the serpent”

  31. Quetzalcoatl:The God of Wisdom & Learning

  32. Aztec sacrificed a local princess whose father then chased them According to legend: Aztec believed this was there land, so they built a great city in the midst of swamp. (An eagle perched On a pear cactus Tore apart a snake- It was their sign!) Aztec reached Lake Texcoco and shelter on swampy island

  33. Video: Tenochtilan

  34. New city called: Tenochtitlan which means “place of the prickly pear cactus Aztec Kings: 1. claimed descent from gods 2. were picked by council of warriors, priests, and nobles 3. usually last son of the royal family was picked

  35. The Codex Mendoza :The FoundingofTenochtitlan

  36. Ruins of the City Center, Tenochtitlan

  37. Aztec View of Tenochtitlan

  38. Tenochtitlan: The “Venice” of the Americas

  39. Aztec Chinampa or Floating Garden:15ft. to 30ft. wide

  40. Tenochtitlan

  41. Social pyramid of Aztec society KING NOBLES COMMONERS Largest group(farmers, artisans, traders) Could join nobility by performing brave act in war UNSKILLED LABORERS ENSLAVED PEOPLE

  42. Aztec Writing Aztec Math

  43. Aztec Sun Stone -- Calendar

  44. Religion: Death seen as honorable; Afterlife for fallen soldiers, sacrificed captives, and women who died in childbirth Others went to “Land of the Dead” – the lowest level of the underworld Sons trained for war, girls trained to take care of the house and family

  45. The god Huitzilopochtli : “ We shall conquer all the people in the universe.” This god was honored by a pyramid in the center of Tenochtitlan known as the Grand Temple Grand Temple: 135 feet, 100+ steps, thousands of victims sacrificed there

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