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Report Structure

Report Structure. Your report should include each of the following sections Cover Page ， Includes: Course Number Report Title Your Name and Team Number Date. Abstract.

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Report Structure

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  1. Report Structure • Your report should include each of the following sections • Cover Page，Includes: • Course Number • Report Title • Your Name and Team Number • Date

  2. Abstract • An abstract is a short description of the report and includes the most important or interesting results. (You’ll encounter bosses who do not have the time to read everything you submit- include in the abstract the one fact that you want that boss to know. By doing this, you might then hook that boss into reading the rest of your report). • The abstract should answer two basic questions: • What did you do? • What did you learn?

  3. Introduction (Why Are You Doing The Experiment?) • Use a few paragraphs to describe why you are doing the work, and include a brief review of what has already been done on the topic. (For example, describe the borate anomaly and how structure might affect the properties of your glasses.). • The Introduction should always end with a thesis statement. Such as…"The goal of this study was to determine the effect of alkali oxide additions on the thermal expansion behavior of alkali borate glasses."

  4. Experimental Procedure(How did Your Group Prepare Samples and Collect Data?) • Describe how you made your samples (raw materials, melting and quenching conditions, important observations like bubbles or devitrification tendency, residual stresses, etc.) and then how you characterized their properties.

  5. Experimental Procedure(How did Your Group Prepare Samples and Collect Data?) • Your goal in writing this section is to provide sufficient detail so that someone reading your report could reproduce what you did. As a general rule, more experimental details are preferable. Describe what you really did. Include a description of experimental uncertainty and possible sources for error. Many times it is easier to break your experimental procedures section into smaller sub-sections. For instance, you may be able to use the following sub-sections…. • Powder preparation • Sintering • Characterization

  6. Results(Report the Data that Your Group Collected) • This section should be used to present the data that your team collected. Make sure that you use text to introduce the data and then supplement the text with tables and figures and appendices. For instance, show a figure of how the glass addition on the crystalline phase, sinterability and microstructures of BNBT ceramics and use text to introduce the Figure and to briefly explain the property trend. • Properly label all tables and graphs- with captions- and refer to them in the text.

  7. Discussion • Explain your Property Trends…Why Did Things Happen the Way They Did?…and Relate Them to the Results from the Previous Study. • Take a broad look at the data collected in this study and then figure out which property trends “tell a story.” You may be able to use your knowledge (previous studies) to describe what happened. • Usually, the relationships between the compositions, microstructures and properties will be investigated.

  8. Discussion • If you refer to someone's published results, be sure to include a reference in your discussion and use the reference style found in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. • For example: • 1. W. L. Konijnendijk and J. M. Stevels, “The Structure of Borate Glasses Studied by Raman Scattering,” J. Non-Crystal. Solids, 18 307-331 (1975). • 2. J. E. Shelby, Introduction to Glass Science and Technology, pp. 90-96, RSC Paperbacks, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK (1997).

  9. 薄膜太陽能電池– CIGS薄膜電池

  10. Based on FCC - Perovskite ABO3 (CaTiO3)A is about the same size as O

  11. Perovskite

  12. Based on FCC - Perovskite ABO3 (CaTiO3)A is about the same size as O

  13. Based on FCC - Perovskite ABO3 (CaTiO3)A is about the same size as O

  14. Piezoelectric effect • Piezoelectric: material in which application of stress generates electric charges on its surfaces; implies “direct piezoelectric effect” • Direct piezoelectric effect: convert mechanical energy into electrical (Pierre Currie in 1880) • Inverse effect: convert electrical energy into mechanical (Lippmanfrom thermodynamic principles; Currie experimentally in 1881)

  15. T<TC (ferroelectric phase) BaTiO3 T>TC (paraelectric phase) A B O

  16. TC T>TC T<TC

  17. Piezoelectric Effect Crystal material at rest: No forces applied, so net current flow is 0 Crystal + - + - + - Current Meter = 0 Charges cancel each other, so no current flow + - + - + -

  18. Piezoelectric Effect Crystal material with forces applied in direction of arrows……….. Crystal - - - - - Force Current Meter deflects in + direction + + + + + Due to properties of symmetry, charges are net + on one side & net - on the opposite side: crystal gets thinner and longer

  19. Piezoelectric Effect Changing the direction of the applied force……….. Crystal + + + + Force Current Meter deflects in - direction - - - - - …. Changes the direction of current flow, and the crystal gets shorter and fatter.

  20. Magnetic property

  21. Concluding Remarks (What Did You Learn?) • Summarize your results, and then draw some conclusions. • This section should be concise and should “drive home” the most important points. Do not substitute new discussion material for a conclusion.

  22. Acknowledgments • Cite important contributions (if any) by people not listed on the title page.

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