1 / 29

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi. The Characteristics of Fungi. Body form unicellular Multi-cellular. fruiting bodies. both are composed of hyphae. Mycelium – Branched Hyphae. The Characteristics of Fungi. Heterotrophic - Saprophytes or saprobes – Symbionts - Parasites –

aviva
Download Presentation

Kingdom Fungi

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Kingdom Fungi

  2. The Characteristics of Fungi • Body form • unicellular • Multi-cellular

  3. fruiting bodies both are composed of hyphae Mycelium – Branched Hyphae

  4. The Characteristics of Fungi • Heterotrophic - • Saprophytes or saprobes – • Symbionts - • Parasites – • Parasites that cause disease are called pathogens.

  5. The Characteristics of Fungi • Heterotrophic - 'other food' • Saprophytes or saprobes - feed on dead tissues or organic waste (decomposers) • Symbionts - mutually beneficial relationship between a fungus and another organism • Parasites - feeding on living tissue of a host.  • Parasites that cause disease are called pathogens.

  6. Heterotrophic by Absorption • Fungi get carbon from organic sources • Hyphae release enzymes • Enzymatic breakdown of substrate • Products diffuse back into hyphae Enzymatic breakdown Nucleus hangs back and “directs” Products Enzymes Product diffuses back into hypha and is used

  7. Tubular Hard wall of chitin Grow at tips Hyphae

  8. Hyphal growth • Hyphae grow from their tips • Mycelium = extensive, feeding web of hyphae • Mycelia are the ecologically active bodies of fungi This wall is rigid Only the tip wall is plastic and stretches

  9. Modifications of hyphae

  10. Fungi as Saprobes and Decomposers

  11. Fungi as Symbionts (Mutualism)

  12. Lichens • “Mutualism” between • Fungus – structure • Alga or cyanobacterium – provides food

  13. Lichen internal structure • Lichens are nature’s biological indicators of pollution and air quality. Lobaria

  14. Fungi as Parasites & Pathogens

  15. Fungi are Spore-ific!!! • Spores - asexual (product of mitosis) or sexual (product of meiosis) in origin.

  16. Reproduce by spores • Formed: • Directly on hyphae Penicillium hyphae with conidia

  17. Mycelia have a huge surface area Hyphal growth from spore germinating spore mycelium

  18. The Characteristics of Fungi • Classified by how they reproduce. • 100,000 Species (estimated 1.5 million species total). • Found everywhere • Cell wall present, composed of cellulose and/or chitin. • Food storage - generally in the form of lipids and glycogen. • Eukaryotes - true nucleus and other organelles present. • All fungi require water and oxygen.

  19. Ascomycota – “sac fungi” • Sexual Reproduction – asci (sing. = ascus) - SAC • Asex. Reprod. – common • Cup fungi, morels, truffles • Important plant parasites & saprobes • Yeast - Saccharomyces • Decomposers, pathogens, and found in most lichens A cluster of asci with spores inside

  20. Sac fungi diversity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9HyPxzNTPY&feature=related

  21. Basidiomycota – “club fungi” • Sexual Reproduction – basidia - CLUB • Asexual reprod – not so common • Rusts & smuts –plant parasites • Mushrooms, puffballs • Enzymes decompose wood, leaves, and other organic materials SEM of basidia and spores

  22. Bioluminescence in Mycena

  23. Deuteromycota – Form Phylum “Imperfect Fungi” • Fungi that seldom or never reproduce sexually. • Asexual reproduction by vegetative growth and production of asexual spores common.

  24. Yeasts • Single celled fungi • Adapted to liquids • Plant saps • Water films • Moist animal tissues Candida Saccharomyces

  25. Molds • Rapidly growth • Asexual spores • Many human importances • Food spoilage • Food products • Antibiotics, etc. Noble Rot - Botrytis

  26. HUMAN-FUNGUS INTERACTIONS • Beneficial Effects of Fungi • Decomposition - nutrient and carbon recycling. • Biosynthetic factories. Can be used to produce drugs, antibiotics, alcohol, acids, food (e.g., fermented products, mushrooms).

  27. Harmful Effects of Fungi • Destruction of food, lumber, paper, and cloth. • Animal and human diseases, including allergies. • Toxins produced by poisonous mushrooms and within food (e.g., grain, cheese, etc.). • Plant diseases.

More Related