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Mara Silina European Environmental Bureau (EEB) * * * Regional training on policy analysis with special accent on EU ap

Overview of EU main environmental issues Chapter 27 – environment and climate change. Mara Silina European Environmental Bureau (EEB) * * * Regional training on policy analysis with special accent on EU approximation 26 – 29 May 2014 in Becici / Budva , Montenegro “.

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Mara Silina European Environmental Bureau (EEB) * * * Regional training on policy analysis with special accent on EU ap

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  1. Overview of EU mainenvironmentalissuesChapter 27 – environment and climatechange Mara Silina European Environmental Bureau (EEB) * * *Regional training on policy analysis with special accent on EU approximation 26 – 29 May 2014 in Becici/Budva, Montenegro “

  2. Points I will try to cover are • The European Environmental Bureau – whowe are and whatwe do • Approximation process and negotiations of differentchapters of the EU legislation • EU climate policy • 2030 policy framework in the making • Implementation in the Member States and candidate and potential candidate countries

  3. The European Environmental Bureau (EEB) • the largest federation of environmental citizens’ organisations in Europe • More than 140 member organisations based in EU Member States and increasingly in candidate and potential candidate countries as well as in a few neighbouring countries with more than 15 million members and supporters • Created in 1974 with the purpose to represent its members’ interests vis-à-vis the EU institutions 3

  4. The European Environmental Bureau (EEB) • The aim of the EEB is to protect and improve the environment of Europe and to enable the citizens of Europe to play their role in achieving this goal • EEB’s specific mission is to promote strong environmental policies and sustainable development on the EU level and outside • Integrateenvironmentalconcernsintootherpolicy areas • Provide a focal point for itsmembers to monitor and respond to EU policies • Wework on all EU environmentalpolicy areas as well as issues related to CAP, energy etc. 4

  5. EEB The EEB in the EU net National Governments & Parliaments Members Industry EU Institutions: Commission, EP, Council The Public Media Other Organisations: Social, Consumer, Trade Unions, …

  6. The process of joining the EU Starts with the country becoming an official candidate country Move on to formalmembershipnegotiationswhen the country fulfils certain criteria Negotiations are on full EU law book – acquis – divided in 33 chapters Whennegotiationprocess and necessaryreforms are completed - countries canjoin the EU Welcome to the club!!! 6

  7. Screeening multilateral and bilateral screening in Brussels Verydetailedexamination for eachpolicyfield to determine how the country isprepared for joining the EU Involvement of CSOsis important but not veryeasy!!! 7

  8. Opening and closingBenchmarks Opening and closing benchmarks were new instruments designed by the EU that were used for the first time during Croatia's and Turkey’s accession negotiations, as a tool to emphasize the most important reforms on the path to the full alignment with theacquis. They are prepared on the basis of the screening report Closing benchmarks reflect the outcome of the negotiations and have to be met before the chapterisclosed Shouldbecloselyfollowedwithin the country by CSOs!!! 8

  9. Negotiations Content of legislation is not a topic for negotiations but the conditions and timing of the adoption, implementation and enforcement of all current EU rules (acquis) Other issues discussed are financial arrangments and transitional arrangments (periods) Negotiation positions prepared by countries before the start of actual negotiations EU adopts its common position based on countries’ position Closed to the public Can take quite a long time before all chapters are closed CSOs have to getinvolved and followatdifferentlevels – national and international 9

  10. Closing chapters and the Accession Treaty No chapteriscloseduntilevery EU member state issatisfied with candidate country’sprogress Negotiations are closedwhen all chapters are closed Accession Treaty « rubberstamps » the EU membership and includesdetailedterms and conditions of membership, transitional arrangements and deadlines, details on financial arrangements and anysafeguard clauses Accession Treatyis not final and bindinguntilsupported by the EU council, the Commission and the European Parliament ,signed by the candidate country and representatives of all EU countries and ratified by the candidate country and everyindividual EU country according to theirconstitutionalrules (parlamentary vote, referendum etc.)

  11. List of chapters Chapter 1: Free movement of goods Chapter 2: Freedom of movement for workers Chapter 3: Right of establishment and freedom to provide services Chapter 4: Free movement of capital Chapter 5: Public procurement Chapter 6: Company law Chapter 7: Intellectual property law Chapter 8: Competition policy Chapter 9: Financial services Chapter 10: Information society and media Chapter 11: Agriculture and rural development Chapter 12: Food safety, veterinary and phytosanitary policy . Chapter 13: Fisheries Chapter 14: Transport policy

  12. List of chapters Chapter 14: Transport policy Chapter 15: Energy Chapter 16: Taxation Chapter 17: Economic and monetary policy Chapter 18: Statistics. Chapter 19: Social policy and employment Chapter 20: Enterprise and industrial policy Chapter 21: Trans-European networks Chapter 22: Regional policy and coordination of structural instruments Chapter 23: Judiciary and fundamental rights Chapter 24: Justice, freedom and security Chapter 25: Science and research

  13. List of chapters Chapter 26: Education and culture Chapter 27: Environment and climate change Chapter 28: Consumer and health protection Chapter 29: Customs union Chapter 30: External relations Chapter 31: Foreign, security and defence policy Chapter 32: Financial control Chapter 33: Financial and budgetary provisions

  14. Chapter 13 - Fisheries The acquis on fisheries consists of regulations, which do not require transposition into national legislation However, it requires the introduction of measures to prepare the administration and the operators for participation in the common fisheries policy In some cases, existing fisheries agreements and conventions with third countries or international organisations need to be adapted CFP – set of rules for managing European fishing fleets and for conserving fish stocks First introduced in the 1970s with several updates – the last on took effect on 1 January 2014 http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/maritime_affairs_and_fisheries/index_en.htm

  15. Chapter 14 - Transport Governed by the Title VI Art. 90 to 100 of the Treaty on Functioning of the European Union EU transport legislation aims at improving the functioning of the internal market by promoting safe, efficient and environmentally sound and user friendly transport services Transport acquis covers sectors of road transport, railways, inland waterways, combined transport, aviation, and maritime transport It relates to technical and safety standards, security, social standards, state aid control and market liberalisation in the context of the internal transport market http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/transport/index_en.htm

  16. Chapter 15 - Energy EU energy policy objectives include the improvement of competitiveness, security of energy supplies and the protection of the environment The energy acquis consists of rules and policies regarding competition and state aids (including in the coal sector), the internal energy market (opening up of the electricity and gas markets, promotion of renewable energy sources), energy efficiency, nuclear energy and nuclear safety and radiation protection http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/index_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/energy/doc/energy_legislation_by_policy_areas.pdf

  17. Chapter 27 – Environment and climate change EU environment policy aims to promote sustainable development and protect the environment for present and future generations. It is based on preventive action, the polluter pays principle, fighting environmental damage at source, shared responsibility and the integration of environmental protection into other EU policies. The acquis comprises over 200 major legal acts covering horizontal legislation, water and air quality, waste management, nature protection, industrial pollution control and risk management, chemicals and genetically modified organisms (GMOs), noise and forestry. Compliance with the acquis requires investment. A strong and well-equipped administration at national and local level is imperative for the application and enforcement of the environment acquis. http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/environment/index_en.htm

  18. EU climate policy over time • 2020 climate and energy package • Third Internal Energy Market Package • Lisbon Treaty with a dedicated energy chapter • Commission publishes White Paper on 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework EU Climate policy over time • UN Kyoto Protocol agreed with the EU as a party • EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) starts • EU leaders commit to 2020 climate targets: • 20% GHG reduction • 20% increase in RES • 20% increase in energy efficiency • Commission publishes 2050 Low-Carbon and Energy Roadmaps 1997 2005 2007 2009 2011 2014

  19. 2020 climate and energy Package Setting 20-20-20 targets into legislation • A legislative package to ensure the EU meets its 2020 targets (GHG, RES, EE) adopted in 2009: • Revision of the EU ETS • Effort Sharing Decision – binding targets on member states in sectors outside of the EU ETS • National renewable energy targets under the Renewable Energy Directive • Directive for creating a legal framework for the use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies • Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) • Cars CO2 standards

  20. Decarbonisation in the long term Roadmaps for 2050 • The Commission developed a longer-term vision with its Low-Carbon and Energy Roadmaps 2050 published in 2011 • Answer to the EU’s commitment to reduce GHG emissions to 80-95% below 1990 levels • Focus on decarbonisation, competitiveness and security of supply • Models a cost-effective pathway to reach an 80% GHG cut by 2050 • Sets milestones of 40% for 2030 and 60% for 2040 • Investment needs: €270 bn or 1.5% of EU GDP annually over the next four decades • Energy efficiency and renewables crucial

  21. Other key policies with climate impact • F-gas Regulation • Proposal for CO2 tax • Air quality legislation (incl. Industrial Emissions Directive) • Various energy savings legislation • Energy Efficiency Directive • Energy Performance of Buildings Directive • Ecodesign and Energy Labelling

  22. 2030 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework • Commission White Paper on 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework published in January • 40% GHG reduction • At least 27% renewable energy – no goal for transport • Energy efficiency to be decided after review of the EED in the summer • A fourth target on energy infrastructure requested by some member states

  23. Political process How the 2030 policy will be made • European Parliament and Council co-legislators • EP already adopted own-initiative report calling for three targets • Council committed to agreeing on targets by October • Pressure from the timetable of the international climate negotiations • The Commission will follow with legislative proposals

  24. Role of Member States Implementing EU policy • Targets currently divided between member states • Exception of energy efficiency – problems with achieving the target • EU legislation to be transposed into national law • Commission can launch infringement proceedings where a Member State is not in compliance

  25. What role for candidate & potential countries in EU policy • EU acquis must be implemented • When joining, each country will be attributed their own national sub-targets under the 2020 policy or 2030 once agreed • Good time to push for important reforms in the energy markets, penetration of clean energy technologies, interconnections, etc. • Smart use of EU funding

  26. Influencing EU policy making Advocacy work • Three decision-making instances: • European Commission • European Parliament • MEPs grouped into political groups • Assistants, group advisers • European Council • National ministries • Permanent representations in Brussels

  27. Role of CSOs in the approximation process • Monitor the Chapter 27 before , during and after the negotiations • Build coalitions, developnetworking • Contacts withkey people in the administration at local& national levels • Contacts with Brussels based organisations • And much more ….

  28. Role of and channels for CSOs to intervene in the approximation process • Monitor the Chapter 27 before , during and after the negotiations •  TIPs: • Prepareyourown positions on each issue you are interested/involved • findresponsible people in the Ministry of Environment, Parliament etc. and get to know them • Communicateyour message clearly • Prepareyour input for yearly Progress report and followwhetheritisreflected in the final report. • Communicateyour input to the EU (responsible desk officer)

  29. Thankyou! Want to know more or join in the work – please contact me: mara.silina@eeb.org Tel.: +32 2 289 10 90 Fax: +32 2 289 10 99 http://www.eeb.org 29

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