Church History 3 The Canon Mark Hagen February 22, 2004

Church History 3The CanonMark HagenFebruary 22, 2004

Timeline 0 100 A.D. 200 A.D. 300 A.D. 400 A.D. Church History IIIThe Canon

The Apocrypha: Tobit 1 & 2 Esdras Judith Prayer of Manassas Baruch Wisdom Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) 1 Maccabees 2 Maccabees Additions to Daniel and Esther Church History IIIThe Canon

“These books [Apocrypha] were never accepted by the Jews as Scripture, but throughout the early history of the church there was a divided opinion on whether they should be part of Scripture or not. In fact, the earliest Christian evidence is decidedly against viewing the Apocrypha as Scripture, but the use of the Apocrypha gradually increased in some parts of the church until the time of the Reformation. The fact that these books were included by Jerome in his Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible (completed in A.D. 404) gave support to their inclusion, even though Jerome himself said they were not ‘books of the canon’ but merely ‘books of the church’ that were helpful and useful for believers. . . . Church History IIIThe Canon

. . . The wide use of the Latin Vulgate in subsequent centuries guaranteed their continued accessibility, but the fact that they had no Hebrew original behind them, and their exclusion from the Jewish canon, as well as the lack of their citation in the New Testament, led many to view them with suspicion or to reject their authority.” Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology Church History IIIThe Canon

“It was not until 1546, at the Council of Trent, that the Roman Catholic Church officially declared the Apocrypha to be part of the canon (with the exception of 1 and 2 Esdras and the Prayer of Manasseh). It is significant that the Council of Trent was the response of the Roman Catholic Church to the teachings of Martin Luther and the rapidly spreading Protestant Reformation, and the books of the Apocrypha contain support for the Catholic teaching of prayers for the dead and justification by faith plus works, not by faith alone.” Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology Church History IIIThe Canon

“The formation of the NT Canon must, therefore, be regarded as a process rather than an event, and a historical rather than a biblical matter.” J. R. McRay, Evangelical Dict. of Theology, p.141 Church History IIIThe Canon

St. John the Evangelist on Patmosby Hans Burgkmair, German painter (1508)

Marcion The Canon Muratori Eusebius Athanasius (c. 140) (c. 200) (c. 325) (367) Matthew Matthew Matthew Mark Mark Mark Luke Luke Luke Luke John John John Acts Acts Acts Romans Romans Romans Romans 1&2 Corinthians 1&2 Corinthians 1&2 Corinthians 1&2 Corinthians Galatians Galatians Galatians Galatians Ephesians Ephesians Ephesians Ephesians Philippians Philippians Philippians Philippians Colossians Colossians Colossians Colossians 1&2 Thess. 1&2 Thess. 1&2 Thess. 1&2 Thess. 1&2 Timothy 1&2 Timothy 1&2 Timothy Titus Titus Titus Philemon Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 1&2 Peter 1&2 John 1 John 1, 2 & 3 John Jude Jude Revelation of John Revelation of John Revelation of John Wisdom of Solomon Revelation of Peter

St. John the Evangelist on Patmosby Hans Burgkmair, German painter (1508)

Church History 3 The Canon Mark Hagen February 22, 2004