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Global Entrepreneurship Culture & Economies

Global Entrepreneurship Culture & Economies. ESSAM 2011 Professor Stephen Lawrence Leeds School of Business University of Colorado at Boulder. Agenda. Types of global entrepreneurship Characteristics of global entrepreneurs Characteristics of global entrepreneurship

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Global Entrepreneurship Culture & Economies

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  1. Global EntrepreneurshipCulture & Economies ESSAM 2011 Professor Stephen Lawrence Leeds School of Business University of Colorado at Boulder

  2. Agenda • Types of global entrepreneurship • Characteristics of global entrepreneurs • Characteristics of global entrepreneurship • Differences & similarities between global and domestic startup ventures

  3. Bosma & Levie. 2011. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010, Global Entrepreneurship Research Consortium.

  4. Types of Global Entrepreneurship • Bosma & Levie. 2011. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010, Global Entrepreneurship Research Consortium.

  5. Types of Global Entrepreneurship • Factor-Driven Economies? • Low levels of economic development • Oversupply of labor drives self-employment • Efficiency-Driven Economies? • Industrialization and scale economies • Drives development of small-medium manufacturing firms • Innovation-Driven Economies? • Research and knowledge-intensity • Drives knowledge and innovation-based entrepreneurship Bosma, Acs, Autio, Coduras, & Levie (2009), “2008 executive summary,” Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Global Entrepreneurship Research Consortium.

  6. Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity • Bosma & Levie. 2011. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010, Global Entrepreneurship Research Consortium.

  7. How Does Income Impact Eship? • Bosma & Levie. 2011. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010, Global Entrepreneurship Research Consortium.

  8. Necessity-Based Entrepreneurship • Bosma & Levie. 2011. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010, Global Entrepreneurship Research Consortium.

  9. How Old are Entrepreneurs? • Bosma & Levie. 2011. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010, Global Entrepreneurship Research Consortium.

  10. Which Gender are Entrepreneurs? • Bosma & Levie. 2011. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010, Global Entrepreneurship Research Consortium.

  11. Innovation & Entrepreneurship • Bosma & Levie. 2011. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010, Global Entrepreneurship Research Consortium.

  12. What Other Factors Effect Eship? Bosma, Acs, Autio, Coduras, & Levie (2009), “2008 executive summary,” Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Global Entrepreneurship Research Consortium.

  13. Why Become an Entrepreneur? Bosma, Acs, Autio, Coduras, & Levie (2009), “2008 executive summary,” Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Global Entrepreneurship Research Consortium.

  14. Karra & Phillips (2004), “Entrepreneurship goes global,” Ivey Business Journal, Nov/Dec. Characteristics of Global Entrepreneurship

  15. What does “Born Global” Mean? • 25% International sales within 3 years • Derive competitive advantage from global resources and global markets • Plan for global sales and operations from inception Karra & Phillips (2004), “Entrepreneurship goes global,” Ivey Business Journal, Nov/Dec.

  16. International Orientation • Bosma & Levie. 2011. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010, Global Entrepreneurship Research Consortium.

  17. What Factors Drive Global Eship Growth? • Globalizing markets • Tariff & trade barriers; global brands • Growing middle class • Changes in technology • Information & transport technology • Changing nature of firms & alliances • Trade alliances (e.g., EU, NAFTA) • Need for scale economies Karra & Phillips (2004), “Entrepreneurship goes global,” Ivey Business Journal, Nov/Dec.

  18. Success Factors for Global Eship? • Global vision • No boundary between domestic & global markets • Promiscuous collaboration • Manage complex collaborative networks • Cross-cultural competence • Multiple languages • Multiple cultural competencies Karra & Phillips (2004), “Entrepreneurship goes global,” Ivey Business Journal, Nov/Dec.

  19. How Difficult is startup around the world?

  20. Doing Business, World Bank www.DoingBusiness.org

  21. Global “Ease of Business” Rankings www.DoingBusiness.org

  22. The Best and the Worst “Global Heroes,” Economist, 2009

  23. Days to Start a Business “Global Heroes,” Economist, 2009

  24. Regulation vs. Entrepreneurship “Global Heroes,” Economist, 2009

  25. VC Investments (% GDP-2007) “Global Heroes,” Economist, 2009

  26. Do Cultural Differences affect entrepreneurship?

  27. Hofstede Cultural Dimensions • Power Distance (PDI) • Acceptance of unequal power distribution • Individualism (IDV) • Extent of identification with a group • Masculinity (MAS) • Degree of differentiation in gender roles • Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) • Measures cultural concerns about the unknown • Long Term Orientation (LTO) • Cultural focus on the future; “time-horizon” http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/power-distance-index//

  28. Hofstede Score Comparison http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/power-distance-index//

  29. BRIC Hofstede Scores http://cindyking.biz/how-cultural-differences-impact-international-social-media/

  30. Uncertainty Avoidance http://ausweb.scu.edu.au/aw03/papers/edwards2/fig4.jpg

  31. Hofsteder IDE vs. PDI Metrics http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=883443&show=html

  32. International vs. domestic new ventures – Are there differences?

  33. Int’l vs. Domestic New Ventures • McDougall, Oviatt, & Schrader (2003) • “A comparison of international and domestic new ventures,” Journal of International New Ventures 1, 59-82. • International team variables • Global strategy variables • Global industry variables McDougall, Oviatt, & Schrader (2003), “A comparison of international and domestic new ventures,” Journal of International New Ventures 1, 59-82.

  34. Entrepreneurial Team Variables • Important differentiator • International experience • Somewhat important differentiator • Industry experience • Somewhat negative differentiator • Marketing experience • Important negative differentiator • Technical experience McDougall, Oviatt, & Schrader (2003), “A comparison of international and domestic new ventures,” Journal of International New Ventures 1, 59-82.

  35. Global Strategy Variables • Important differentiator • Emphasis on quality • Somewhat important differentiators • Aggressiveness, product innovation, service, marketing, distribution • Irrelevant differentiators • Low cost, focus McDougall, Oviatt, & Schrader (2003), “A comparison of international and domestic new ventures,” Journal of International New Ventures 1, 59-82.

  36. Industry Variables • Very important differentiator • Global integration • Somewhat negative differentiator • Competitive intensity • Irrelevant differentiator • Technology change McDougall, Oviatt, & Schrader (2003), “A comparison of international and domestic new ventures,” Journal of International New Ventures 1, 59-82.

  37. Other Resources

  38. Global Eship Monitor (GEM) www.gemconsortium.org

  39. International Entrepreneurship www.InternationalEntrepreneurship.com

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