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Effects of Personal Space on Test Performance

Natsuko Jacobson Neomi Garzon Sophia Chang . Effects of Personal Space on Test Performance. Introduction. Past research: Students in university library displayed discomfort by leaving the premise or forming barricades when personal space was invaded (Felipe & Sommer, 1966).

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Effects of Personal Space on Test Performance

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  1. Natsuko Jacobson NeomiGarzon Sophia Chang Effects of Personal Space on Test Performance

  2. Introduction Past research: Students in university library displayed discomfort by leaving the premise or forming barricades when personal space was invaded (Felipe & Sommer, 1966).

  3. Introduction cont. Past research: Seat density was correlated to stress level of passengers in trains (Evans & Wener, 2007)

  4. Introduction cont. Past research: Participants in increased group size, decreased room size, and decreased interpersonal proximity performed worse than the control group (Paulus et al., 1976).

  5. Hypothesis We hypothesized that as personal space between students in classrooms decreased, their test performance also decreased.

  6. Participants • Experimental (n = 9) • Male = 3 • Female = 6 • CSUN Psy321 Students • Total Participants=17 • Control (n = 8) • Male = 4 • Female = 4

  7. Demographics • Experimental Group • Control Group

  8. Materials • 35 Questions from 6th grade level math • (Knowledge Adventure, 2007) • 5 addition • 7 subtraction • 8 multiplication • 8 division • 7 word problems

  9. Procedure • Participants were randomly assigned into two groups • Experimental group – Crowded room • Control group – Non-crowded room • Instructed to complete the math test in 20 minutes

  10. Results • One-way ANCOVA was computed to control possible covariates. • e.g. gender & math confidence level • There was no statistical difference between the room conditions and test scores, F (1, 13) = .41, p > .05. • There was no significant difference between gender and level of math confidence.

  11. Results Cont. • Control Group (Non-crowded Room) • M = 21.88 • SD = 6.33 • Experimental Group (Crowded Room) • M = 24.56 • SD = 6.86

  12. Discussion • The results failed to support the hypothesis. • Our analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between crowded and non-crowded conditions.

  13. Discussion Cont. • Results did not support previous research by Felipe & Sommers (1966), Evans & Wener (2007), and Paulus et al. (1976).

  14. Limitations • Small sample size • Different room conditions • Clarity of exam • Type of exam • Too much time

  15. Implications/ Future Studies • Previous research on personal space should be applied to real life. • e.g. designing classrooms, public facilities • For Future studies: • Bigger sample size • Identical rooms • Less time for exam • Change type of test • e.g. mazes, reading comprehension

  16. Questions ??

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