LARP Accelerator Systems Overview: How are we doing?

1. US LHC Accelerator Research Program bnl - fnal- lbnl - slac LARP Accelerator Systems Overview:How are we doing? Vladimir Shiltsev

2. Content • What’s new after October’05 Collaboration Meeting • LARP Org Chart changes, communication, DocDB • FY06 Budget – spendings to date • RC review + Lumi Review • DoE Review Nov’05  LARPAC May’06  DoE Review Jun’06 • R&D Progress: • Instrumentation • Commissioning • Collimation • Accelerator Physics • New Proposals LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

3. Accelerator Systems Org Chart Changes:Wolfram to lead AP • Be discussed at this meeting: • Finish some L3 tasks • Introduce new L3 tasks • any org structure for new initiatives? LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

4. Communication within LARP: VideoConf of all AS L2s+Steve ~once/mos One-on-one meetings (site visits, reviews, etc) ~once/qrtr Collaboration meetings ~twice/year Communication with CERN First “long-termers” (P.Limon et al) Visits (HC, BC, Instr, etc) >1/mos Workshops (e.g. TAN) and reviews (e.g. RC) ~once/qrtr US-CERN meetings ~ once/yr LARP Doc DB is functioning: 162 docs uploaded from Oct’05-Apr’06 Communication/Coordination LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

5. FY06 Accelerator Systems Budget Pete got extra 150k$ to cover past investments BNL BC funds redistributed to FNAL and LBL  -60k$ RC hardware start delayed  -350k$ Nick got extra +50k$ for PhII irradition extra +30k$ To build BB-Wires LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

6. Accel.Syst. Spendings 0.9M/3.6M=25% thru 5 mos Feb.28, 2006 (compare with 31% MAG) LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

7. Make sure that we achieve all milestones And spend $$ approx as planned Reviews Be prepared and pass numerous reviews (small and big one) Next year planning/budget Have clear understanding of what will we do next year New initiatives Should always have a healthy pressure of new proposals Now anticipate some $$ freed after diagnostics development and fabrication finished in 2007 This collaboration meeting is to address all that: L2s will report Friday That tops the list of my worries… LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

8. Speaking of Reviews: Nov’05 DoE • “The review committee was very pleased with the presentations on beam instrumentation and accelerator physics. In addition, they found the idea of participation in the development of a remote control room a very interesting possibility for enhancing interactions with CERN from afar via the Fermilab project “LHC@FNAL”. • Plans for commissioning of LHC hardware are already being implemented, with the first U.S. staff member (Peter Limon) already stationed at CERN. It was reported by management that U.S. laboratories will provide staffing for this effort, and, in fact, FNAL has committed seven persons to this task. LARP and CERN will cover costs of travel and additional living expenses in the Geneva area. • Finally, the committee again emphasized its displeasure with the lack of formality in dealings of LARP, and strongly recommended a more effective bookkeeping system for managing expenses and progress on all active tasks, and a person who would be responsible for implementing such a system”. LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

9. TCFB on RHIC ramp P.Cameron LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

10. Luminosity Monitor - I • The only real-time bunch-by-bunch luminosity measurement in the LHC • 25 ns bunch spacing, 1% resolution • R&D phase has been completed • Demonstrated 40 MHz performance using ALS X-ray beamline • Beam test planned for RHIC run VI • System intragation planning at CERN • TAN instrumentation workshop on March 10 • Final Design Review at LBL • Monday April 24 LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

11. Luminosity Monitor - II • Technical Challenges • Extremely high radiation levels • up to ~250 Grad • Signal processing to avoid pileup • 25 ns bunch spacing • Status • Completed R&D and FDR • Project Milestones: • Final Design Review (Apr 06) • System test at RHIC (Summer 06) • Four systems complete (Winter 06-07) • Installation and integration support (07) DAQ TAN FE electronics LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

12. LHC 4.8 GHz Schottky Design R.Pasquinelli A.Jansson • Remarkable Progress: • Final drawings ready for CERN inspection • Data acquisition issues – discussed at Apr25 mtg at LBL • Next revision of EDMS is needed • Final Design Review 06/19/06 at CERN LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

13. Installation Oversight • Since DOE Review Last Fall: • First USLHC String (Q1-Q3/Feedbox/D1) transported to tunnel • LARP Oversight and technology transfer for USLHC interconnects • Transportation and Installation of Second IR quad/DFBX/D1 on going. • Limited LARP oversight planned for all US deliverable installations LARP Hardware Commissioning Tasks Photos from Jan 2006 IR 8L installation

14. LARP Hardware Commissioning Tasks • Commissioning of US Deliverables and General HC • LARP commissioners receive “Project Associate” status, join a CERN group (AT/ACR or AT/MEL) for nominally one year and contribute to the groups general HC responsibilities as well as US deliverables. • Short term HC support from US experts as needed • One commissioner stationed at CERN now. 3-4 additional to follow in the fall of 2006. • Peak participation coincides with anticipated peak commissioning period FY07. LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

15. Beam Commissioning Status • Several US visitors to CERN in January/February 06 • Nearly continuous presence for ~6 weeks • Chamonix workshop • Beam Commissioning logistics • Software • CCC opening • get to know LHC beam principals • Informal review of LHC Beam Commissioning structure completed (results presented at this meeting) • Beam Commissioning ‘Expression of Interest’ (to be introduced at this meeting) • Refining areas of involvement, beginning to assign names/share with CERN counterparts • Gearing up for LARP presence during SPS running, more so for Sector test • More detail in Breakout session LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

16. LHC@FNAL Status • Committee’s work complete • Endorsement received from • Fermilab Directorate • Affected Fermilab Divisions/Sections (AD, PPD, CD, FESS) • LARP management • CMS management • Construction plans in development • Funds set aside/awaiting DOE approval • Center planned to be open in September 2006 • More detail in Breakout session LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

17. Status of Phase II Rotating Collimator Project at 10-06-2005 Pheasant Run LARP Mtg. • SLAC and CERN agree on an initial set of specifications for the first mechanical prototype RC1 • Put a new vacuum tank with cylinder jaws that fits LHC spatial constraints on a CERN Phase I base and use CERN Phase I scheme for jaw alignment and cooling input • Provide 12kW cooling to each 136mm x 95cm jaw through flexible tubing • Relax 25um flatness tolerance but provide flexible jaw support and a central stop mechanism to ensure thermal bowing is AWAY from beam • 400 um sagitta for 1 hr beam lifetime engineering steady state • 1200 um sagitta for 12min beam lifetime 10 second transient LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

18. Progress since 10-06-2005 • RC1 Prototype Conceptual Design Report • reviewed and accepted by CERN and suggestions incorporated • independent review 12/15/05 • Lou Bertolini-LLNL, Alex Makarov-FNAL, Bill Turner (LBL) • Major Findings: Fine, but …. • Do not ‘cut metal’ until jaw support and stop scheme developed • In progress • Check thin-Cu over Stainless for performance √ No improvement • Increase engineering effort • Full time engineer (Steve Lundgren) and designer hired 3 April • Current Activities: • Braze tests of cooling coils beginning • Prep for full cooling & deformation tests • Acquisition of Phase I support & mover assemblies • Redrawing of CERN parts for US fabrication LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

19. FY06 Goals of Phase II Rotating Collimator Project and Beyond • Work Plan outlined 10/6/2005 • Single jaw thermal test: one jaw with internal helical cooling channels to be thermally loaded for testing the cooling effectiveness and measuring thermal deformations. • Full RC1 prototype: a working prototype for bench top testing of the jaw positioning mechanism, supported to simulate operation in all necessary orientations, but not intended for mounting on actual beamline supports with actual beamline, cooling, control and instrumentation connections. • Deliverables listed 10/6/2005 • Final version of RC1 CDR: Awaiting support/stopper design • External review of RC1 CDR: √ • Performance report on RC1: • Progress delayed ~6 months due to reviews & manpower issues • New Plan: Slip schedule ~6 months • Single jaw tests, support/stopper design & write-up by EOFY06 • RC1 performance report by mid FY07 • $400k returned to LARP management in FY06 adjustment • Expect slippage of Jan 2008 beam-testable RC2 delivery consistent with CERN’s latest schedule LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

20. PHASE-I: Irradiation and Analysis of 2D Carbon-Carbon at BNLGOALS: Determine resilience of 2D CC against irradiation damage and assess how the critical property of thermal expansion changes with irradiation Material Irradiation Studies assembly • Primary Materials: Annealed Copper and Glidcop (85% Cu – 15% Al) • Other Potential Candidates: Super Invar, Gum Metal, 3D Carbon-Carbon irradiation Post-irradiation Analysis RESULT: PHASE-I 2D Carbon-Carbon self anneals irradiation ramage through thermal cycling in both strong and weak directions. Therefore, it is expected to meet the 25 micron condition set as goal Phase-II LHC Collimator Material Irradiation Planned for May 2006 LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

21. E-cloud since last Mtg • Completed updated simulations of ecloud power deposition in LHC dipoles • M. Furman and V. Chaplin, PRST-AB 9, 034403 (March 20, 2006) • Tedious exploration of parameter space with 2D code POSINST (see below) • Peak SEYdmax now constrained to be <~1.2 for nominal intensity & bunch spacing • Code improvements • 3D self-consistent code (WARP/POSINST) • Jean-Luc Vay (LBNL) now 20% LARP funded (starting FY06) • Initial qualitative results for one bunch in one FODO cell (LARP mtg, Apr. 05) • New results for a train of 5 bunches with more detailed model (see below) • Code improvements • RHIC studies • Feb. 2006: two CERN e– detectors installed (some not LARP funded, but important) • Common pipe region in IP10, warm section • Polarized proton beams for this run • Ping He doing RHIC simulations; calibration barely started LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

22. tb=25 ns 1.15e11 tb=25 ns Nb=1e11 tb=75 ns Sample simulation: ecloud at LHC dipoles(Furman and Chaplin, PRST-AB 9, 034403) • ecloud power deposition • POSINST code • LHC arc dipole magnet • key parameters: Nb, tb, dmax • current result: dmaxmust be <1.2-1.3 (achievable but not easy) : cooling capacity available for EC power deposition LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

23. Sample 3D self-consistent simulations (WARP/POSINST)(courtesy J.-L. Vay) • LHC FODO cell • can now follow batch of bunches with photo- e– and secondary e– • snapshot from run with 5 bunches: • Benchmark code against HCX experiment (LBNL) • expt. and sim. agree quantitatively on characteristics of e– oscillations observed in magnetic quadrupole flooded with electrons: WARP/POSINST-3D T = 4.65s WARP/POSINST-3D T = 0.3s Electrons bunching experiment simulation Beam ions hit end plate Oscillations LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

24. Future Plans • 3D self-consistent simulations: • Study long-term behavior of beam • This is a nontrivial exercise that may require code improvements • Main new concern: slow emittance growth (Benedetto et. al. PRSTAB 8 124402 (2005) et. seq.) • Also: address “old” concern” (ecloud-induced head-tail instability) • Summer student to come to LBNL for 12 weeks this summer • Simulate optimal conditioning scenario for LHC • Understand leftover details from SPS measurements • Contribute (time permitting) to 3D self-consistent simulations • RHIC: • Analyze collected data obtained with CERN detectors • Complete simulations • Understand ecloud sensitivities and correlate them to other observables (eg., P rise) LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

25. IR Layouts Baseline Layout Quads first Too many parasitics Dipoles first layout Early separation but …. Doublets Triplets LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

26. IR Optics Issues IR Magnet apertures and fields Energy Deposition Major issue in all optics, but dipole designs more challenging. Beam-beam interactions Demonstration of wire compensation would favor quads 1st. Chromaticity and Nonlinear Correctors Corrector strengths lower with quads 1st but independent control of 2 beams with dipoles 1st. Luminosity gain with lower L* Larger gain with quads 1st. Flux jumps in IR magnets Chromaticity jumps small (~2 units) with Δb3 = 1 in both optics if spurious dispersion in IR is controlled to ~1cm at IP. Nonlinear effects need to be studied LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

27. Beam-beam experiments, simulations • RHIC beam-beam experiments in April 2006 Motivation: Test of wire compensation in 2007 Determine if a single parasitic at top energy causes beam losses that need to be compensated. Similar experiment done last year at injection energy - found strong effects at separations ≤ 6σ. 2 experiments done so far – April 5th, April 12th Analysis to be presented by W. Fischer • Beam-beam simulationsof 2006 experiments Motivation: Tests and improvements of codes, predictions of observations in 2006 and of wire compensation Four groups FNAL: V. Ranjbar, T. Sen; SLAC: A. Kabel; LBL: J. Qiang; University of Kansas: J. Shi Website: http://www-ap.fnal.gov/~tsen/RHIC for information exchange and results LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

28. Beam-beam simulation results No sextupoles Kansas Relative Lifetime LBL Emittance growth FNAL Losses SLAC BBSIM (VR, TS) simulations for lifetime show a linear dependence on separation LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

29. RHIC long-range beam-beam compensator design • In CY06 – construct and install a wire compensator in RHIC, downstream of Q3 in IR6 LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

30. New Initiatives to discuss • AC dipole • dB/B measurements • Crystal collimation • Super-SyncLite • e-lenses for Head-on B-B Compensation • Crab cavities • 1.5TeV Injector in LHC tunnel LER-LHC • Optical Stochastic Cooling LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

31. Common questions to answer • Title/subject • Leader and participants • Objectives • Deliverables • Time scale/schedule • Resources needed: • Add’l man-power (and type eng, phys, techs) • $$ Travel • $$ Labor • $$ M&S and Equipment LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

32. Work hard and be inventive! LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

33. Slides Back Ups LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

34. Wire Beam-Beam Compensation Overall Plan • FY2006: • Design and construct a wire compensator • Install wire compensator in RHIC in summer 2006, downstream of Q3 in IR6 • Perform theoretical studies to test the compensation and robustness • FY2007: • Study the wire compensation in RHIC with 1 proton bunch in each beam and nominal conditions at flat top and 1 parasitic interaction. • Beam studies to test tolerances on: beam-wire separation compared to beam-beam separation, wire current accuracy and current ripple • FY2008: • Decide on scope of work for the LHC wire compensation LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

35. Detail of flex cooling supply tube Stub-shaft (bearing not shown) Contiguous with helical tube inside jaw. Formed after assembly-brazing of jaw and installation of bearing on stub-shaft Exits through support shaft per CERN design Material: CuNi10Fe1, 10mm O.D., 8mm I.D. Support shaft LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

36. 1.3 LHC Collimation R&D • L2 Leader: Tom Markiewicz (SLAC) • FY06 budget 850 k$ • Goals: • The LHC cleaning system must have exceptional efficiency to meet its design parameters, significantly beyond the state-of-the-art that is achieved in existing colliders. It is crucial for the success of the LHC that different paths are explored in order to optimize the design, hardware and operational procedures for the LHC collimation system. In view of the exceptional difficulty for the LHC it is essential to pursue parallel R&D studies in- and outside of CERN. The phased approach for the LHC collimation system will allow to test various proposals and to implement the best solutions in an already defined upgrade path to nominal performance. The LHC Collimator R&D will complement the work at CERN and will be performed in close • L3 tasks: • Cleaning Efficiency Studies • Rotating Collimators R&D • Tertiary Collimators Studies • Material Irradiation Studies LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

37. 1.3.1 Cleaning Efficiency Studies • L3 Leader: Angelika Drees (BNL) • FY06 budget 50 k$ • Goals: • The ultimate goal of this sub program is to bench mark code(s), in particular SIXTRACKwColl, in a variety of aspects with RHIC beams. • We plan to install and implement at BNL accelerator tracking code identical with the one used at CERN (K2, SIXTRACK with Collimators, i.e. SIXTRACKwColl) and perform simulations of collimation efficiencies and loss maps which will then be compared to simulation results from earlier studies done at RHIC with other codes (Teapot, K2, ACCSIM) and with data. Various data sets at two energies are available. • During the RHIC proton run collimator setup procedures should be implemented into the RHIC control system and tested with beam under real operating conditions. LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

38. Cleaning Efficiency Studies: Overall Plan • FY2006: • debug the code • compare with other simulation and data, test setup procedures, • finish reports LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

39. 1.3.2 Rotating Collimators • L3 Leader: Tom Markiewicz (SLAC) • FY06 budget 720 k$ • Goals: • The ultimate goal is a successful design for low impedance, high efficiency LHC secondary collimators. The design will be validated with a sufficient but small (1-3) number of prototypes and beam tests. The design specifications and the prototypes are the primary deliverables. The time scale is set by the desirability of testing the prototypes with LHC beam in 2008/09. Then, CERN will decide whether or not to proceed with the rotating collimator design. If a decision is made to proceed, this sub-project will provide an engineering drawing package to CERN and will support the effort to commission the collimators once they are manufactured and installed by CERN. LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

40. June 15-17 CERN/SLAC Collaboration Meeting • Attendees • CERN: Ralph Assmann (Project Leader, Tracking), Allesandro Bertarelli (Mechanical Eng.), Markus Brugger (Radiation Issues), Mario Santana (FLUKA) • SLAC: Tom Markiewicz, Eric Doyle (ME), Lew Keller (FLUKA), Yunhai Cai (Tracking), Tor Raubenheimer • Radiation Physics Group: Alberto Fasso, Heinz Vincke • Results • Agreement on basic design of RC1 (1st rotatable prototype) • Transfer of many of CERN mechanical CAD files • Lists of • Further studies required • Outstanding Engineering Issues requiring more design work • Project Milestone List & Action Items List • Test Installation of “New FLUKA” LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

41. Conceptual Design of RC1 (1 of 2) • Mechanics must fit within CERN Phase I C-C envelope • 224mm center-to-center with 88mm OD beampipes • 1480mm longitudinal flange-to-flange • 25mm adjustment/jaw (22.5mm relative to beam w/±5mm allowed beam center motion • and use Phase I alignment and adjustment scheme • Two 75cm Cu cylindrical jaws with 10cm tapered ends, 95cm overall length with axes connected to vertical mover shafts • 136mm OD with 9mm taper • Each jaw end independently moved in 10um steps • Vacuum vessel sized to provide 8mm clearance to adjacent beam and allow gross/fine 0°, 45°, 90° positions • Relaxed mechanical deformation specifications • <25 um INTO beam guaranteed by adjustable mechanical stop(s) • Ride on groove deep enough to not be damaged in accident case • Adjustable between ±5 and ±15 sigma (2-6mm) & centered on beam • <325 um (750um) AWAY FROM beam @ 0.8E1p/s loss (4E11p/s) • Flexible support on adjustment LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

42. Proposed layout 136mm diameter x 950mm long jaws, vacuum tank, jaw support mechanism and support base derived from CERN Phase I LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

43. Adjustable gap-defining stop • Stop prevents gap closing as jaw bows inward due to heat • Jaw ends spring-loaded to the table assemby … move outward in response to bowing • May use two stops to control tilt • Slot deep enough to avoid damage in accident • Stop far enough from beam to never be damaged & is out of way at injection LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

44. Spring loaded fingers ground two jaws through range of motion Rigid round-square transition Jaw support & gap adjustment borrowed from CERN RF Contact Overview LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

45. LHC Phase I 2D carbon-carbon Irradiation Specimen at BNL BLIP Facility 117 MeV or 200 MeV BNL LiNAC Protons (depending on the isotope production requirements downstream) • Preliminary Assessment: • 2D CC specimens normal to the planes of reinforcing fibers and close to the center of the beam (receiving high dose) experienced degradation. • Less degradation was seen in the specimens along the reinforcement.  • NOTE: Total dose received MUCH HIGHER than what LHC collimator jaws will see. • Status: • Phase I Carbon-Carbon irradiation completed • Sample activation measurements completed • Thermal Expansion of specimens started • PLANNING of FY06 Post-Irradiation and Follow-up Irradiation Studies LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

46. Phase-II LHC Collimator Material Irradiation Planned for May 2006 Primary Materials: Annealed Copper and Glidcop (85% Cu – 15% Al) Other Potential Candidates: Super Invar, Gum Metal, Also: 2D Carbon-Carbon and 3D Carbon-Carbon Test for physical properties (thermal conductivity, thermal expansion) And Stress-Strain (mechanical properties) LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

47. POST IRRADIATION ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT PHASE-I 2D Carbon-Carbon Self Anneals Irradiation Damage through thermal cycling in both strong and weak directions. Therefore, it is expected to meet the 25 micron condition set as goal Annealing along strong (fiber plane) direction Annealing along weak direction Shown is annealing under different levels of irradiation damage LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

48. PHASE-I: Irradiation and Analysis of 2D Carbon-Carbon at BNLGOALS: Determine resilience of 2D CC against irradiation damage and assess how the critical property of thermal expansion changes with irradiation Beam exposure and irradiation damage assessment assembly Post-irradiation Analysis irradiation At irradiation levels several orders of magnitude than what the LHC collimator jaws will see the 2D CC suffers structurally from irradiation exposure LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

49. Physics: Long Range @ RHIC SPS : t~ d5 [measured 11/09/04] Tevatron: t ~ d3[measured in HEP stores, TEL] RHIC : t~ d4 ord2 [measured 04/28/05, scan 4] LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev

50. AC dipole • Recent results from the Tevatron • Collaboration formed including Fermilab, BNL and CERN. • Formal proposal for LHC at this meeting First AC dipole data in the Tevatron LARP Collaboration Meeting 04/26/2006 - Shiltsev