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Lecture on Articulations AssignmentPoint

This lecture provides an overview of the classification of joints, including synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis. The different types of diarthroses, such as gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoidal, saddle, and ball and socket joints, are discussed in detail. The lecture also covers special movements and representative articulations.

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Lecture on Articulations AssignmentPoint

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  1. Lecture on Articulationswww.AssignmentPoint.com

  2. Functional / Structural Classification of Joints • Synarthrosis(no movement) • Bony Fusion (Synostosis) • Fibrous (Suture and Gomphosis) • Cartilaginous (Synchondrosis) • Amphiarthrosis(little movement) • Fibrous (Syndesmosis) • Cartilaginous (Symphysis) Give example location for each

  3. 3) Diarthrosis (free movement) • Always synovial joints • mono, di-, and triaxial • Strength vs. motility The greater the range of motion, the weaker the joint. • Dislocation = luxation • Partial dislocation = ? • “Double jointed”

  4. Diarthroses = Synovial Joints • Have synovial cavity = space between two bones • Components that are always present (fig 8-1) • Components that are sometimes present

  5. 3 Types of Motion at Synovial Joints • Linear motion = gliding • Angular motion : • flexion, extension, hyperextension • ab-, adduction • circumduction • Rotation • left - right, internal or medial, external or lateral • supination, pronation

  6. Special Movements Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion Protraction, retraction Elevation, depression Eversion inversion

  7. 6 types of Diarthroses • Gliding Joint • Hinge Joint • Pivot Joint • Ellipsoidal joint • Saddle joint • Ball & Socket joint

  8. Gliding Joint articulating surfaces flat. • also found between carpals and tarsals • only slight movement - rotation prevented by ?

  9. Hinge Joint Convex surface of bone 1 fits into concave surface of bone 2 • found in ? • monoaxial

  10. Pivot Joint Projection of bone 1 articulates within ring of bone 2 Also found in proximal ends of ulna and radius  pronation and supination rotation

  11. Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) Joint Oval shaped condyle of bone 1 fits into elliptical cavity of bone 2 • Also found between phalanges & metacarpals/-tarsals • Angular motion in two planes (= )

  12. Saddle Joint Articular surfaces shaped like saddle and rider Modified condyloid joint • Extensive angular motion without rotation • Also between malleus and incus

  13. Ball and Socket Joint Ball like surface of bone 1 fits into cuplike depression of bone 2 • Found in ___________ • Allows for flexion, ab- or adduction and rotation ( _____axial)

  14. Representative Articulations Temporomandibular Joint Mostly hinge joint, some gliding and rotation Articular disc

  15. Intervertebral articulations Gliding joints between ____________________ Intervertebral discs: (Amphiarthroses)  • annulus fibrosus:tough outer layer (fibrocartilage) • nucleus pulposus:soft, gelatinous core • Account for ~25% of vertebral column height – H2O loss during aging Intervertebral ligaments Fig 8-8

  16. Disc Problems Fig 8-9 • Slipped disc vs. herniated disc • Most common sites for disc problems: • C5 - C6 • L4 - L5 • L5 - S1 • Lumbago • Laminectomy ( surgical removal vertebral arch by shaving laminae to access disc)

  17. Glenohumeral Joint • Type? • Greatest range of motion (due to loose and shallow) • Most frequently dislocated • Stability provided by?

  18. Hip Joint • Deep well fitted _______ joint • Participants ? • Stabilization: • Extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments (ligamentum teres = ligamentum capitis femoris) • Surrounding muscles • Most important normal movement? Fig 8-15

  19. Knee Joint • Much more complex than elbow • Much less stable than other ______ • structurally 3 separate joints • Extra- and intracapsular ligaments • Locking of knee due to external rotation of tibia Figs 8-16 & 17

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