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THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION 1790-1830

THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION 1790-1830. HOW DID TRANSPORTATION ADVANCES CONTRIBUTE TO A GROWING ECONOMY?. EARLY ROADS BARELY EFFECTIVE TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT GO HAND IN HAND ONLY FEDERALLY FUNDED ROAD: NATIONAL (CUMBERLAND) RD: MD TO VA & THEN IL (1811-1818, 38)

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THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION 1790-1830

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  1. THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION1790-1830

  2. HOW DID TRANSPORTATION ADVANCES CONTRIBUTE TO A GROWING ECONOMY? • EARLY ROADS BARELY EFFECTIVE • TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT GO HAND IN HAND • ONLY FEDERALLY FUNDED ROAD: NATIONAL (CUMBERLAND) RD: MD TO VA & THEN IL (1811-1818, 38) • CRUSHED STONE SURFACE, BRIDGES • LANCASTER TURNPIKE – TOLLS, PRIVATELY FUNDED • TOLL ROADS FAIL TO MEET NEEDS: TOO COSTLY FOR FREIGHT, TRAVELLERS BENEFIT MORE

  3. HENRY CLAY’S AMERICAN SYSTEM • BANK, TARIFFS, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS • NATIONAL SECURITY, ECONOMIC PROGRESS & POLITICAL UNITY DEPENDENT ON IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION NETWORK • CONNECTS COUNTRY & AT THE SAME TIME CREATES TENSION • “LET US, THEN, BIND THE NATION TOGETHER” J.C. CALHOUN • REALIZED BUT NOT WITH FEDERAL FUNDS, LEFT TO STATES & PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS & BUSINESSES

  4. OUR NATURAL SYSTEM OF RIVERSMOST SIGNIFICANT REASON FOR RAPID ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT • OHIO-MISS. SYSTEM READY ACCESS TO FERTILE INTERIOR • 1815 FLATBOATS DOWNRIVER • FARM PRODUCTS DELIVERED BUT NO WAY TO RECEIVE MFG GOODS • UPRIVER A DIFFERENT STORY • CHEAPER THAN ROADS • WESTERN SETTLEMENT WILL GROW NOW THAT TRANSPORTATION IMPROVING

  5. SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF UPRIVER TRANSPORTATION – NORTHWEST NOW A FULL ECONOMIC PARTNER • FULL POTENTIAL OF STEAMBOAT • PUT ALL TECHNOLOGY AVAILABLE INTO OPERATING & EFFECTIVE BOAT • ROBERT FULTON & ROBERT LIVINGSTON: CLAREMONT 1807 • REVOLUTIONIZED WESTERN COMMERCE: REDUCED COSTS, INCREASED SPEED & 2 WAY COMMERCE • MISERABLE SAFETY RECORD & ATTEMPTS AT FEDERAL REGULATION IN 1838 BUT NO AGENCY TO ENFORCE REGULATIONS. • ONLY PRE-WAR ATTEMPT AT REGULATING DOMESTIC TRANSPORTATION

  6. THE CANAL BOOM – FILLS GAP IN TRANSPORTATION NETWORK • NEED TO SHIP PRODUCE ECONOMICALLY FROM WEST TO EASTERN PORT CITIES & BEYOND • ALREADY HAVE CONNECTED NORTH AND SOUTH WITH STEAMBOATS & MISSISSIPPI – OHIO NETWORK • CANALS WILL BE SOLUTION BUT CAN’T BUILD THEM JUST ANYWHERE • ALBANY AND BUFFALO NY BEST LOCATION: 364 MILES & FLAT, & AT HIGHEST POINT ONLY 540 FEET ABOVE HUDSON RIVER • DEWITT CLINTON; CANAL COMMISSIONER, MAYOR & GOVERNOR OF NY • CONSTRUCTION BEGAN 1818 – 1825 – NY STATE LEGISLATURE APPROVED & PAID SOLELY BY THE STATE – NO FEDERAL FUNDS • IMMEDIATE SUCCESS, $1.5 MILL IN TOLLS 1ST YEAR, RECOUPED ALL COSTS WITHIN A FEW YEARS ($7M) • NYC “EMPORIUM OF THE WORLD”

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