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Chemistry of Life

Chemistry of Life. Unit 1 – Ch 2. Elements of Life. C, O, H, N ….96% of living matter P, S, Ca, K …. Approx 4 % of living matter Trace Element : Fe, I (I) is essential to hormone production in the human thyroid…goiter

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Chemistry of Life

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  1. Chemistry of Life Unit 1 – Ch2

  2. Elements of Life • C, O, H, N ….96% of living matter • P, S, Ca, K …. Approx 4 % of living matter • Trace Element : Fe, I (I) is essential to hormone production in the human thyroid…goiter (Fe) essential for many functions (blood)…cause iron deficiency, fatigue, exhaustion, ADD etc b/c it carries Oxygen

  3. Atoms & Molecules • Define Matter, Element, Compound • Atom: nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons, orbitals • Atomic # - # protons • Mass # - p+ + n0 • Dalton 1.7 x 10-24g …mass of p+ and n0 • Atomic Wt more precise

  4. Isotopes • Same # of protons but differ is # of neutrons • Radioactive Isotopes- elements w/extra neutrons….unstable and it splits releasing positrons (positively chgd e-’s) that attract electrons of neighboring atoms (tracers) and generate a gamma ray…shows changing [] and location. PET Scans

  5. Energy Levels of Electrons • Electrons are the only subatomic structure that are involved in chemrxns • Potential enery = stored energy e- dist potential energy Orbitals p37 Fig 2.10

  6. Electron Configurations

  7. Chemical Bonds Covalent – sharing e-’s

  8. Chemical Bonds • Polar Covalent bonds – e-’s are not shared equally. 1 atom is more electronegative than the other.

  9. Chemical Bonds • Nonpolar covalent bonds - share e-’s equally -O2, H2, CH4

  10. Chemical Bonds • Ionic – transfer electrons from +/- ions Cation = + chgd ion Anion = - chgd ion Form Salts

  11. Chemical Bonds • Hydrogen Bonds – wk bonds amongst electronegative atoms. (H2O and NH3)

  12. Van der Waals Van der Waals – occur between atoms and molecules that are close to each other.

  13. Shape/Function • A molecules shape determines its function • Orbitals determine shape

  14. ChemRxns • Reactants Products • Equilibrium when reactants and products have concentrations stabilized

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