An Application of Statistics to the Three Stooges Films…

1. An Application of Statistics to the Three Stooges Films… Robert Davidson and Bob Gardner Department of Mathematics College of Arts and Sciences Jewell Friend Lecture August 21, 2008

2. …A New Low in Higher Education! Available online at: http://www.etsu.edu/math/gardner/stooges/stooges-statistics.htm

3. The Six Three Stooges Curly Howard Larry Fine Moe Howard Shemp Howard Joe Besser Joe DeRita

4. How We Started Stooges Statistics1 1. As recalled by Davidson

5. One evening at “Buck’s Pizza”…

6. Beer #1 Old Bob said “Why don’t we use Newton’s Thermodynamic Theory based on the position of Polaris on Christmas day 1948?”

7. Beer #2 Old Bob said “Why don’t we use Newton’s Law of Gravitational Pull based on the perimeters of several polar coordinates?”

8. Beer #3 Old Bob said “Why don’t we use elementary differential equations based on a non logarithmic case?”

9. Beer #4 Davidson said “Why don’t we count the number of slaps and eye pokes that are in the shorts?” Old Bob said “That’s a damn good idea!”

10. A Brief History of the Three Stooges

11. Opening slide for the early Three Stooges films Larry, Moe and Curly: 97 shorts between 1934 and 1947. THIS WILL BE ONE OF THE POPULATIONS FROM WHICH WE SAMPLE!!! From: http://www.idivimage.com/files/jwfzehyj2mmummdwn4mr.jpg

12. Opening slide for the Three Stooges films from the Shemp era Shemp, Larry, and Moe: 77 shorts between 1947 and 1956. THIS WILL BE ONE OF THE POPULATIONS FROM WHICH WE SAMPLE!!! From: http://www.a-1video.com/talking.htm

13. Larry, Joe, and Moe in Fifi Blows Her Top (1958) Larry, Moe, and Joe: 16 shorts between 1957 and 1959. THIS WILL BE ONE OF THE POPULATIONS WITH WHICH WE DEAL!!! From The Three Stooges Scrapbook.

14. An advertisement from the 1947 Johnson City Press-Chronicle (Tennessee) for a personal appearance by the Three Stooges on October 25, 1947.

15. Are the Three Stooges Still Relevant?

16. Zogby International conducted a poll of 1,213 American adults by telephone in July 2006. One question asked for the names of the Three Stooges and another asked for the names of the three branches of government. Those able to name the Three Stooges: 73% Those able to name the three branches of government: 42% (http://www.zogby.com/Soundbites/ReadClips.dbm?ID=13498)

17. Sony Pictures released the first volume of Three Stooges shorts in October 2007. The second volume was released in May 2008. The third volume will be released in August 26, 2008.

18. Statistical Tests

19. The Nature of Statistics • In a nutshell, the nature of a statistical test is: • to hypothesize a certain relationship within a population or between two or more populations, • to take a random sample from the population(s), and • to calculate the probability of the random sample(s) being drawn when the hypothesis is assumed to be true. The desired outcome is to get a probability from (3) which is small. In this event, the hypothesis is rejected in favor of its alternative.

20. The Hypothesis

21. From: http://www.threestooges.net/ “To [Joe] Besser’s eternal shame, he had it written into his contract that he would not be subject to slapping or bodily harm.” “Pure Slap Shtick” by Richard von Busack, Metro Santa Cruz, January 16-22, 1997. Available online at: http://www.ratical.org/ratville/3stooges75yrs.html

22. “Moe and Larry – they were the best. I enjoyed every minute of it with them. In fact, to show you how wonderful they were, I never liked to be hit with anything. And Larry used to say to me ‘don’t worry Joe, I’ll take it.’ Now that’s the kind of guys they were.” From Stooges: The Men Behind the Mayhem, (DVD) Mackinac Media, 2004.

23. The null hypothesis is: H0: "The average number of violent acts by Moe against Curly per episode is the same as the average number of violent acts by Moe against Joe." The alternative hypothesis is: Ha: "The average number of violent acts by Moe against Curly per episode is greater than the average number of violent acts by Moe against Joe."

24. Now, You Gather the Data

25. Ten RANDOMLY selected Curly episodes were chosen. The number of acts of violence by Moe to Curly is as follows: Curly Episode (episode #) # of acts We have watched 15 out of 16 of the Joe episodes and counted 43 relevant acts of violence. For the remaining episode, we have: Joe Episode (episode #) # of acts The plus signs (+) indicate that the data for these episodes are incomplete. You will complete these data sets soon.

26. We now watch 3 to 5 minute segments of some of the randomly chosen shorts to fill in the missing data. We want to count every act of violence of Moe towards Curly, and Moe towards Joe. Joe Moe Curly

27. A Bird in the Head Columbia short number 89, costarring Curly. This short is classic Stooges and has the boys wallpapering a room. Space Ship Sappy Columbia short number 178, costarring Joe. The Stooges act as “sailors” on a spaceship to Venus.

28. We now compute a t value based on the collected data. The formula is: Based on 9 degrees of freedom, we have the following p values for given t values:

29. Our data yields a p-value of: 0.00xx Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis: H0: "The average number of violent acts by Moe against Curly per episode is the same as the average number of violent acts by Moe against Joe" And accept the alternative hypothesis Ha: "The average number of violent acts by Moe against Curly per episode is greater than the average number of violent acts by Moe against Joe." With confidence (1-p) x 100% = 99.xx%

30. Nice! Why, Soitenly! From:http://www.viewimages.com/Search.aspx?mid=51309234&epmid=3&partner=Google

31. Student Reaction The following results are from Introduction to Probability and Statistics (MATH 1530), Summer 2008. The questionnaire is modeled after the ETSU SAI.

32. I knew about the Three Stooges before today’s presentation. • The Three Stooges are silly and do not belong in this classroom. • I would prefer that today’s class time had been spent on a traditional lecture.

33. 4. Today’s presentation included real world data. 5. Today’s presentation helped me understand the concept of a random sample. 6. Today’s presentation helped me understand the concept of a confidence interval.

34. 7. Today’s presentation helped me understand the concept of a hypothesis test. 8. Today’s presentation helped me understand the concept of a p-value. 9. I can take the ideas presented today and extend them to other statistical applications.

35. References • Fleming, Michael. The Three Stooges-An Illustrated History. New York: Broadway Books, 1999. • Forrester, Jeff and Forrester, Tom. The Three Stooges: The Triumphs and Tragedies of The Most Popular Comedy Team of All Time. Los Angeles: Donaldson Books, 2005. • Howard, Moe. Moe Howard & The 3 Stooges. Secaucus, NJ:Citadel Press, 1977. • Lenburg, J., Maurer, J.H., and Lenburg, G. The Three Stooges Scrapbook. Citadel Press, 1983. • Morian, Don. “The Three Stooges in ‘Academe’: A Summary/Review of Resent Research.” Presented at the Annual Joint Meetings of the Popular Culture Association/American Culture Association, Philadelphia, PA, April 12-15, 1995. Available online at: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/13/ef/e6.pdf

36. From:http://www.lunkhead.net/ Thank You!