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Chapter 15 Digestive System

Digestive System. AlimentaryAccessory. Digestion:. What is chemical digestion?Breakdown of food into smaller particles by enzyme actionWhat is mechanical digestion?Breakdown of food into smaller particles by mechanical action.. Wall of alimentary canal:. MucosaEpitheliumSubmucosaLooseMuscula

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Chapter 15 Digestive System

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    1. Chapter 15 Digestive System Study Guide Review

    2. Digestive System Alimentary Accessory

    3. Digestion: What is chemical digestion? Breakdown of food into smaller particles by enzyme action What is mechanical digestion? Breakdown of food into smaller particles by mechanical action.

    4. Wall of alimentary canal: Mucosa Epithelium Submucosa Loose Muscular Circular Serosa Serous

    5. Movements of the tube Mixing Propelling peristalsis

    6. Mouth: Cheeks Lipids Function of lips: Judge temperature and texture of food

    7. Tongue and Teeth: Mucous Buds Papillae Frenulum Maxillary Mandibular 20 Primary Teeth 32 Secondary Teeth Teeth are made of: enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, nerves and blood vessels Peridontal

    8. Palate: Hard Palate Soft Palate Uvula

    9. Tonsils: Palatine Lymphatic Pharangeal Palatine

    10. Salivary Glands: Saliva Carbohydrate Serous Amylase Mucous Parotid Submandibular Sublingual

    11. Pharynx: Functions in both the digestive and respiratory systems. Three parts of pharynx: Nasopharynx (top portion) Oropharynx (middle portion) Laryngopharynx (bottom portion)

    12. Swallowing Mechanisms: Pharynx Reflexes Peristalsis Stomach

    13. Esophagus: Walls Lower Gastroesophageal sphincter

    14. Stomach: Mixes Propels Small intestine Pyloric Sphincter

    15. Gastric secretions & functions: Gastric Gastric Mucous Chief Pepsin Pepsinogen Hydrochloric Parietal Intrinsic

    16. Gastric Absorption Salts, drugs Chyme Peristaltic

    17. Regulation of Gastric Secretions Gastrin Fats, cholecystokinin Intestinal

    18. Pancreas: Exocrine Small Acinar Pancreatic Bile

    19. Secretions & functions of the pancreas Enzymes Amylase, lipase, proteases, nucleases Inactive

    20. Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion Secretin Cholecystokinin

    21. Liver: Upper right quandrant Lobes Hepatic, hepatic Sinusoids Portal Kupffur Bile Common Hepatic

    22. Bile: Hepatic Red Salts

    23. Liver Functions: Metabolic Vitamins A, D and B12 Blood Bile

    24. Gallbladder: Cystic Common Bile

    25. Function & Regulation of Gallbladder: Cholecystokinin Hepatopancreatic Fats Vitamins

    26. Small Intestine: Pancreas Liver Chyme Large Duodenum Peritoneal Mesentery

    27. Structure of the Small Intestinal Wall: Villi Absorption Villus Lacteal

    28. Functions of the small intestine: Goblet Submucosa Microvilli Peptidases, lipase, sucrase, maltase, lactase

    29. Regulation of Small Intestinal Secretions: Parasympathetic

    30. Absorption in the Small Intestine: Monosaccharides Facilitated Blood Amino Blood Dissolve Endoplasmic reticulum Chylomicrons Lymphatic lacteals Osmosis Active Transport

    31. Large Intestine: Water, electrolytes, feces Cecum Colon Rectum Anal Canal Internal Anal Anal Sphincter

    32. Structure of the Large Intestinal Wall: Teniae Coli Haustra

    33. Functions of the Large Intestine: Electrolytes Bacteria Feces

    34. Nutrients: Nutrition is the process by which the body takes in and uses nutrients. Essential nutrients are those that cannot be synthesized by human cells.

    35. Carbohydrates: Energy Starches, glycogen, disaccharides, etc. Monosaccharides Cellulose

    36. Carbohydrate Utilization Glucose Glycogen Fat Amino Acids

    37. Carbohydrate Requirments: Energy 125-175 grams of carbohydrate is needed daily to avoid protein breakdown

    38. Lipids: Energy Triglycerides Phospholipids and cholesterol, fats Saturated and unsaturated fats Where are saturated fats found? Food of animal origin Unsaturated fats? Foods of plant origin Cholesterol? Only animal origin

    39. Lipid Utilization: Triglycerides, glycerol Liver Liver, essential Liver Adipose

    40. Proteins: Amino acids Enzymes, hormones, antibodies, clotting factors, etc. Complete, essential Incomplete

    41. Protein Requirements: Metabolic rate and nitrogen 0.8 grams of protein per day per kilogram of body weight

    42. Vitamins: Fat-soluble (vitamins A,D,E and K) Water-soluble (B and C) Water-Soluble Vitamins: metabolism Vitamin C, collagen, amino acids

    43. Minerals: 4% of body weight, bones and teeth Enzymes Osmotic pressure, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, coagulation of blood and maintenance of pH

    44. Major Minerals: Calcium and Phosphorus What are the other major minerals? Potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine and magnesium

    45. Trace Minerals: Iron, manganese, copper, iodine, cobalt, zinc, fluorine, selenium, chromium

    46. Adequate Diets: Malnutrition – poor nutrition that results either from a lack of essential nutrients or a failure to utilize them; it may result from undernutrition or overnutrition

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