Chapter 39 digestive system

1. Chapter 39 digestive system

2. Nutrient a product or compound that gives energy for living things to function and live.

3. digestion digestion breaks down nutrients. It is a chemical process that relies on enzymes and acids starting in your mouth to your stomach to your small intestine

4. calorie A unit of measure that tells us how much energy is in the food or nutrient

5. esophagus This tube lies behind the trachea (wind pipe). It connects the mouth to the stomach. No digestion takes place. Wave like motion move food from the mouth to the stomach

6. stomach It looks like a small bag or sac. It is below the diaphragm. By moving and churning food and adding stomach acid, it breaks down food to prepare it for the small intestine, where the body can absorb nutrients

7. amylase This enzyme is found in saliva. It begins to breakdown food, especially carbohydrates

8. duodenum This is the first part of the very long small intestine. The pancreas, liver and gallbladder give (secrete) enzymes to break down food into particles that the body can absorb

9. gall bladder The gall bladder is a very small muscular green colored sac that is connected to the liver. The gall bladder stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine.

10. pancreas The pancreas is a leaf shaped organ located below the stomach. It makes insulin and pancreatic enzymes to further break down nutrients in the small intestine.

11. liver The liver weighs almost 3 pounds and is about the size of a football. It is located under the diaphragm on the right side of your body and crosses into the middle. The liver makes and oozes (secretes) bile. The liver and pancreas are important in keeping your blood sugar constant.

12. small intestine The small intestine is anything but small, since it averages 19 feet long! The body absorbs nutrients through the villi and bloodstream in the small intestine. Food particles stay here about 3-6 hours. About 10 liters of food and drink pass through the small intestine.

13. villi These are located inside the small intestine and look like tiny hairs. There are thousands of them and they absorb nutrients and waste from cells in the body.

14. large intestine Also known as the COLON, it is much shorter than the small intestine, but is bigger around. The colon is about 5 feet long. It has 3 straight portions. No digestion takes place here, but rather solid waste moves to be let out of the body

15. a p p e n d i x The appendix is 4 to 6 inches long and is located where the small intestine and the large intestine join in the lower right side of your abdomen Some theories say it stores bacteria to help you after being sick, Others say it is a use piece of tissue which has no function.

16. rectum The last part of the colon. It is 6 -8 inches long. It connects to the anus to expel poop.

17. anus The end of the line in the digestive system. The rectum is above it.

18. bile Bile is made in the liver and is a green enzyme which helps to break up fat.

19. pepsin Pepsin is an enzyme that is part of the gastric fluids which break down proteins so the body can use it.