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Executive Summary

CIRA Climate Research: Activity and Capabilities John Forsythe Science Assistant to the Director Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Fort Collins, CO *forsythe@cira.colostate.edu. Executive Summary. Global and Regional Climate Studies are one of CIRA’s theme areas.

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Executive Summary

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  1. CIRA Climate Research: Activity and CapabilitiesJohn ForsytheScience Assistant to the DirectorCooperative Institute for Research in the AtmosphereFort Collins, CO*forsythe@cira.colostate.edu

  2. Executive Summary • Global and Regional Climate Studies are one of CIRA’s theme areas. • Historically, CIRA climate research has focused on clouds (ISCCP), radiation budget, and global water vapor (NVAP) from a satellite perspective beginning with raw radiances. • Currently, climate research at CIRA is modest: • ISCCP GOES-West Sector Processing Center ongoing • CloudSat Data Processing Center ongoing – exciting data! • NOAA Water Vapor Stewardship pilot study completed in 2005 • High resolution regional cloud climatologies / applied climatology • CIRA has many capabilities from current non-climate research which mesh with the SDS program. • CIRA’s goals from this meeting are to learn: When and where to send SDS proposals? What partnerships for climate studies are available within the CI’s and NOAA?

  3. CIRA Climate-Related Strengths

  4. CloudSat captures a hurricane eye B MODIS 12 µm (Channel 32) 23 Aug 2006 2100 UTC Hurricane Ileana A A B 20 CloudSat Radar Reflectivity (dBZ) Eye 10 Height (km) 0

  5. Cloud Detection and Masking Vital to CDR’s Enhanced nightime cirrus detection with MSG 3.9 μm. Kidder et al., DoD-sponsored research.

  6. Global Cloud Climatologies Spatial resolution decreasing

  7. CHANCES: Merger of geo and polar satellites to provide global, hourly, 5 km clouds for climatology (DoD-sponsored). • CHANCES frequency of cloud over Middle East during daytime: March – April 2003. • Other NOAA interests (e.g. solar energy, tourism?).

  8. Global multisensor water vapor from 1987* onwards • 1st SSM/I launched 1987 • Similar process for ISCCP, GPCP, ERB… Multiple satellite products are blended to create the NVAP dataset. January 1, 2000 total precipitable water (TPW) shown here.

  9. “Science Stewardship of Thematic Climate Data Records- A Pilot Study with Global Water Vapor” Scientific stewardship of the water vapor CDR has been demonstrated with by the approach of extending a historical dataset forward in time to overlap more capable instruments. A recreation of the NVAP total precipitable water (TPW) data from 2003-2004 shows that AIRS, SSM/I and TMI agree well. The ATOVS operational TPW product behaves as an outlier compared to AIRS, SSM/I and TMI. The use of this field in a blended satellite product is not encouraged. An alternative ATOVS retrieval is required for climate studies. The recovery and rescue of over 100 8mm tapes containing SSM/I antenna temperature data from 1987-1992 was successful. The data has been delivered on DVD to Fuzhong Weng at NESDIS for eventual inclusion into CLASS. NVAP exists 1988-2001; AIRS 2002+ NVAP partially created in 2003-2004 to compare $50 K STAR science funding in 2005 for "Science Stewardship of Thematic Climate Data Records- A Pilot Study with Global Water Vapor".

  10. AIRS vs SSM/I AIRS vs ATOVS RED = AIRS MOISTER TMI – AIRS NVAP merged - AIRS TPW differences from AIRS and NVAP components January 2003 Journal paper in progress ATOVS - AIRS

  11. Example of Applied Climatology Product NASA-sponsored NVAP climate dataset used in a near-realtime product August 23, 2006 12 UTC SSMI / AMSU / GPS Total Precipitable Water anomaly (blue moist; brown dry) Interest from NESDIS SAB and NWS SOO’s http://amsu.cira.colostate.edu/GPSTPW

  12. NVAP SSM/I Instruments Usage 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F8 11/15 F10 F11 4/99 1/00, 2/00 5/95 F13 F14 5/97 3/00 F15 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992 All months- F8 1993, 1994 All months - F10, F11 1995 All months - F10, F11, F13 starts 5/95, except: Jul - F10, F11 only 1996 All months - F10, F11, F13 1997 F10 ends 11/15, F11, F13, F14 starts May, except: Feb - F10, F11 only, Dec - F11, F14 only 1998 All months - F11, F13, F14, except: Apr - F11, F14 only, Aug - F11, F14 only 1999 F11 ends Apr, F13, F14 2000 F11 Jan and Feb, F13, F14, F15 starts March 2001 All months – F13, F14, F15 Figure 3: NVAP SSM/I instrument usage 1988 – 2001. “F” numbers refer to DMSP satellite identification numbers.

  13. Modeled Tb’s Microwave radiometer time series radiance vicarious calibration Topex Microwave Radiometer (TMR) – upwards calibration drift detected at 18 GHz. Calm, clear cold oceans provide the mininum Tb at < 90 GHz. A natural vicarious calibration reference Ruf et al, U of Mich.

  14. Three Independent Satellite Measurements – Highly Coupled Mt. Pinatubo Eruption March 1991 Major El Nino begins May 1997

  15. What Does DPEAS (Data Processing and Error Analysis System) Do? Especially suited for multisensor and large datasets, like the satellite climate record • Global merge capabilities for numerous data sets • Active science development at CIRA • Current system in operational use for 3+ years at CIRA • Current average operational throughput rates using 15 processors on 8 PCs is 17 TB/yr (47 GB/day). • Measured max. throughput rate is: 2.5 PB/yr (7.1 TB/day) • Simplifies • Powerful abstraction layers allow anyone to write parallel code • Virtual I/O subsystem reduces end-user code complexities • Users interact using a language most already know • Easily Scales • Limited process “cross-talk” improves scaling behavior • Tests have shown that a 2000 machine cluster is physically feasible. • Basically… just add hardware.

  16. With a Common Container, Transfer is Simple and Quick Box CarAnalogy DPEASmodule PC

  17. Final Thoughts • SDS studies and comparisons should involve satellite-only, satellite with model reanalysis, and model comparison. • All three should be done by at least two separate groups, but working together and sharing results. • CIRA has specialized in work beginning with the raw radiances, level 1B data. Our greatest strength lies in that area.

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