Tools of Modern Astronomy Section 1

1. Chapter 21 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Tools of Modern AstronomySection 1

2. Tools of Modern Astronomy • How do we study other stars in our galaxy if they are so far away? • We study the radiation that stars emit to find out more about them. • Intro- • duction

3. Tools of Modern Astronomy • Energy that can travel through space is called electromagnetic radiation. • Electromagnetic radiation can travel through empty space and travels in waves. • Electromagnetic radiation travels the speed of light. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

4. Tools of Modern Astronomy • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum Picture From: http://www.astronomynotes.com/light/s3.htm

5. Tools of Modern Astronomy • The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

6. Tools of Modern Astronomy Diagram From: saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/nav-uplink.cfm

7. Tools of Modern Astronomy Diagram From: http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~imamura/122/images/electromagnetic-spectrum.jpg

8. Tools of Modern Astronomy RADIO WAVES • Longest waves and less frequent than other waves. • Used for communication. • Radio telescopes used to collect radio waves. • Size of wave ranges from the size of a football field to the size of a football. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

9. Tools of Modern Astronomy MICROWAVES • Used in communication, weather maps, and as a heat source. • Size of wave ranges from 1 foot to 1 centimeter. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

10. Tools of Modern Astronomy INFRARED WAVES • Used as a source of heat. • Infrared telescopes used to detect infrared waves. • Size of wave ranges from a few centimeters to a few millimeters. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

11. Tools of Modern Astronomy VISIBLE LIGHT • Only energy we can see with the naked eye. • Refracting and reflecting telescopes use visible light. • Size of wave is microscopic. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

12. Tools of Modern Astronomy VISIBLE LIGHT • White light can be separated into the 7 different colors of light. • ROYGBIV • Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet • Spectroscopes used to break white light down into different colors. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

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14. Tools of Modern Astronomy ULTRAVIOLET WAVES • Energy that is partially blocked by our atmosphere. • Common uses are tanning beds, disinfection, and black lights. • A large amount of UV light is harmful for living things. • UV cameras and telescopes use UV rays. • Size of wave is a few molecules. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

15. Tools of Modern Astronomy X-RAYS • Atmosphere reflects all X-rays back into space. • Commonly used to take pictures of bones. • Very harmful to living things. • X-ray telescopes use X-rays. • Size of wave is one molecule. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

16. Tools of Modern Astronomy GAMMA WAVES • Shortest wave with the most energy. • Atmosphere blocks all gamma rays from entering. • Deadly to living things. • Used for medical treatment. • Gamma telescopes study deep space, black holes, stars, etc. • Size of wave is smaller than an atom. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

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18. Tools of Modern Astronomy • Most telescopes collect and focus different types of electromagnetic radiation. • Two main types of telescopes: reflecting and refracting telescopes. • Refracting telescopes use lenses that bend light to focus onto a small area. • Reflecting telescopes use mirrors instead of lenses but still focuses light onto a small area. • Telescopes

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20. Tools of Modern Astronomy The Keck Telescopes: Located in Mauna Kea, Hawaii

21. Tools of Modern Astronomy Hale 200-inch Reflector: Located in Mt. Palomar, California

22. Tools of Modern Astronomy • A building that contains one or more telescopes is an observatory. • Most observatories are on mountaintops where images are less blurred because of the Earth’s atmosphere. • Observat-ories

23. Tools of Modern Astronomy A giant telescope relies on multiple dishes - Located in Socorro, New Mexico

24. Tools of Modern Astronomy • The shorter electromagnetic radiation is blocked by the Earth’s atmosphere. • Telescopes are placed on satellites to detect these short, high energy waves. • Hubble Space Telescope – reflecting telescope that detects visible light, infrared, and UV radiation. • Satellites

25. Tools of Modern Astronomy Hubble Space Telescope

26. Tools of Modern Astronomy Compton Gamma Ray Observatory

27. Tools of Modern Astronomy Chandra X-ray ObservatoryA telescope penetrates space with X-ray vision

28. Tools of Modern Astronomy Spitzer Space TelescopeIt will spend 2 ½ to 5 years studying infrared light.

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31. Tools of Modern Astronomy • Most large telescopes have spectrographs. • A spectrograph breaks the light up into colors. • Spectrographs reveal information about stars like their composition and temperatures. • Spectro-graphs

32. Tools of Modern Astronomy Electromagnetic Spectrum Video Clip: http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage4.aspx?id=318 Electromagnetic Spectrum Video Clip