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INSECT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

INSECT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. INSECT CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. IN MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS THE UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF METABOLIC MATERIALS BECOMES A PROBLEM. SIZE MATTERS. HEMOCOEL.

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INSECT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

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  1. INSECT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

  2. INSECT CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS THE UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF METABOLIC MATERIALS BECOMES A PROBLEM. SIZE MATTERS HEMOCOEL

  3. IN INSECTS, CIRCULATION IN THE FLUID-FILLED BODY CAVITY (HEMOCOEL) IS SUPPLEMENTED BY A LONGITUDINAL DORSAL VESSEL (MESODERMAL ORIGIN).

  4. THE DORSAL VESSEL IS DIVIDED INTO: A TUBULAR, MULTI-CHAMBERED, CONTRACTILE HEART (ABDOMINAL) A DORSAL AORTA (THORACIC)

  5. CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

  6. BLOOD ENTERS THE HEART VIA PAIRED OPENINGS CALLEDOSTIA

  7. THE INSECT HEART IS SUSPENDED MID-DORSALLY IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY BY A SERIES OF PAIRED ALARY MUSCLES AND A MEMBRANOUS DORSAL DIAPHRAM.

  8. HEMOLYMPH IS PUMPED FORWARD THROUGH THE AORTA AND ENTERS THE HEMOCOEL AT THE BASE OF THE INSECT BRAIN.

  9. HEMOLYMPH THEN FLOWS POSTERIORLY AROUND THE GUT (PERIVISCERAL SINUS) AND VENTRAL NERVE CHORD (PERINEURAL SINUS) VIA A MEMBRANOUS VENTRAL DIAPHRAM.

  10. HEMOLYMPH FLOW IS ASSISTED BY LOCOMOTORY MOVEMENTS AND ABDOMINAL CONTRACTIONS.

  11. HEMOLYMPH CIRCULATION MAY ALSO BE ASSISTED BY ACCESSORY PULSATING MEMBRANES (WINGS AND APPENDAGES).

  12. HEMOLYMPH FLOWS DORSALLY THROUGH THE DORSAL DIAPHRAM AND INTO THE PERICARDIAL SINUS. IT REENTERS THE HEART THROUGH PAIRED OPENINGS CALLED OSTIA.

  13. INSECT HEMOLYMPH DOES NOT CARRY OXYGEN TO ORGANS AND TISSUES OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM VS TRACHAEL SYSTEM

  14. Insect Blood Cells • Hemocytes • Prohemocytes (pluripotent & clotting function) • Plasmatocytes (phagocytic) • Granulocytes (phagocytic • Phagocytosis • Encapsulation

  15. Insect Infection Response There are no hemocytes equivalent to mammalian lymphocytes. Thus there are no serum proteins equivalent to immunoglobulins (antibodies). However, there are substances present and/or inducible that may have anti-infective qualities: Lectins – sugar specificity, agglutinate microbes Cecropins – protein disrupt microbe cell membranes Various hemolymph enzymes

  16. CIRCULATING HEMOLYMPH FACILITATES: ECDYSIS NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION WASTE REMOVAL RETENTION AND DISSIPATION OF HEAT HYDROSTATIC LOCOMOTION ENCAPSULATION PHAGOCYTOSIS INFLATION OF WINGS AND EXOSKELETON

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