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IPTV STB and QoS/QoE

IPTV STB and QoS/QoE. Speaker ：林裕強 Date ： 2010/11/5. OUTLINE. IPTV introduce IPTV STB introduce STB technique QoS/QoE Conclusion Reference. IPTV introduce.

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IPTV STB and QoS/QoE

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  1. IPTV STB and QoS/QoE Speaker：林裕強 Date：2010/11/5

  2. OUTLINE • IPTV introduce • IPTV STB introduce • STB technique • QoS/QoE • Conclusion • Reference

  3. IPTV introduce • 由於以IP為基礎的寬頻網路發展迅速，網路承載能力不斷提高，因此，為了能夠提升IP網路業務，促進IP網路普及與發展，將數位電視的豐富媒體資源引入IP網路中，而IPTV就是在IP網路與傳統電視業務融合產生的新的業務。主要特點在於交互性和即時性。

  4. IPTV introduce Fig ：IPTV 架構圖

  5. IPTV introduce Fig: IPTV deployment topology and available delivery schemes

  6. IPTV STB Overview • Set-Top Box (STB)是在很廣泛的産品名詞，在中文譯爲視訊轉換器、機頂盒或機上盒，其代表的功能則從過去的類比選台器、電視上網機，一路發展下來，目前的STB已可以涵蓋家庭閘道器或個人視訊錄 放影機(PVR)的産品定位。

  7. IPTV STB Overview • IPTV用戶端負責接收、處理、儲存、播放 、轉發數據文件、EPG….等。 • IPTV終端有三種基本類型:PC、手機、STB+電視。 • STB須具備包括數據轉換、接入支持(FTTH、XDSL、HFC…等)、業務支持、解碼支持、協議支持、DRM、內容緩存等功能。 • Entry-level digital set-top box、Mid-range digital set-top box、High-range digital set-top box

  8. IPTV STB Overview • IP STB的功能定位示意圖

  9. IPTV STB technique requirement • 業務能力要求 IPTV機頂盒需要支持基本業務和擴展業務功能。 基本業務包括直播、點播、時移電視。 擴展業務包括可視業務、網路遊戲、訊息交換

  10. IPTV STBtechnique requirement • 功能要求 STB設備在IPTV中需要實現承上啟下的作用，一方面接收業務系統的媒體串流，另一方面要實現對用戶業務播放過程的控制。STB作為業務網路用戶接入設備，須有一系列的管理功能:管理功能、通訊協議、業務功能。在STB標準僅對媒體處理、交互功能、管理功能、安全和環境做具體規範。

  11. IPTV STBtechnique requirement • (1).媒體處理功能要求 需支持基本業務和擴展業務所需媒體處理 功能。基本業務可在MPEG-2、 MPEG-4、H.264、SMPTE，音頻解碼採用MPEG-2/4 AAC(Advanced Audio Coding)、MP3、Dolby AC 3/5.1。 擴展業務需支持CIF(Common Intermediate Format )、QCIF(Quater Common Intermediate Format)、H.261、H.263，音頻以G.711為標準，亦可採G.723、G.728、G.729為標準

  12. IPTV STBtechnique requirement • (2).交互功能要求 STB需提供內容交互選擇和內容交互控制兩類交互功能。內容交互選擇利用選單選擇內容，進行節目檢索與認證系統交互認證訊息。內容交互控制主要針對實現點播業務時，機頂盒與業務平台間應具有交互控制命令，以控制內容訊息功能。

  13. IPTV STBtechnique requirement • (3).管理功能要求 a.軟體升級:透過本地網路或是連至外部網路下載安裝最新套件以獲取新業務的能力 b.日記功能:針對本機版本訊息及系統訊息的管理與錯誤訊息的診斷，並產生兩份備份文件。 c.遠端配置功能:重新啟動、下載、恢復設定等。 d.本地配置功能:遙控器對STB訊息配置、網入連接帳號密碼等

  14. IPTV STBtechnique requirement • 外部接入要求 -外部接口基本須包含三類:網路、音視訊及紅外線遙控接口，根據需要還可擴展。 -網路接口:包括10/100Base-T、xDSL、無線接口 -音視訊接口:類比、數位音訊、視訊接口 -紅外線遙控接口:規定紅外線遙控器對機頂盒控制傳輸距離、紅外線發射角度和接收最小角度，具體性能要求應符合IrDA1.1(Infrared Data Association)協議 -輔助接口:USB

  15. IPTV STBtechnique requirement • 通信協議要求 IPTV STB為網路接入的終端設備，必須支援一系列的業務與IP，機頂盒標準將所涉及IP歸納為: 接入過程:PPPoE、DHCP、IEEE802.1x 文件傳送:TFTP、FTP、HTTP 媒體傳送:RTP、RTSP 媒體播放:IGMP

  16. IPTV STB technique requirement • 安全要求 -安全認證要求:STB需支持AAA(Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting)，接入IP網路應提供必要的訊息，經認證授權後才可使用IPTV業務 -數位版權(DRM)管理安全要求:供應商送到用戶終端的訊息應具有DRM的訊息，在STB中須有針對業務平台的DRM版本，提供內容版權的保護。

  17. IPTV STB 功能結構 • 因為IPTV STB 提供三網融合的業務，做到triple play，可以建立IP化的家庭環境。 • 目前可支援IPTV產品大致分為: Entry-level digital set-top box、Mid-range digital set-top box、High-range digital set-top box。 • STB由軟硬體所構成，硬體包含CPU、Storage、Feedback Channel 、Conditional Access、external device。 • 軟體則有操作、解譯與應用三大方面。

  18. IPTV STB硬體結構 Fig :STB系統架構圖

  19. IPTV STB軟體結構 • (1)嵌入式WinCE終端 優:支援Windows 套件。 缺:原始碼不公開、WinCE佔用許多ROM RAM • (2)嵌入式Linux終端 優:原始碼公開、技術交流方便、維護成本低。 缺:解碼器性能需芯片支援。 • (3)other software : Ex VxWorks

  20. STB設備分類與功能定位 • Entry-level digital set-top box 接受數位廣播電視為主要功能，並具有按次計費 (pay-per-view, PPV)的系統功能與基本的瀏覽工 具，這類設備的特色包括低成本，以及有限的記 憶容量、輸出入介面及運算能力。 • Mid-range digital set-top 􀁻 具有回傳的管道，因此能提供與系統業者在頭端 (head-end)的伺服器進行溝通，此外，不論在處 理效能或儲存能力上都比入門級數位STB還強上 一倍以上。

  21. STB設備分類與功能定位 • High-range digital set-top box 功能更強，幾可比擬多媒體桌上型電腦，它的運算能力可以是低階廣播電視STB的十倍以上，例如在儲存能力上一般有 32-64Mbyte的Flash記憶容量，也有高速的回傳管道來提供多種進階服務，此外，它的繪圖功能也很強，能讓收視戶收看高畫質電視訊號。 在高階STB的市場上，又有多種不同的功能定位，例如有些高階設備更提供了個人錄影機(Personal Video Recorder,PVR)的功能，也就是在STB中置入硬碟，讓STB有足夠的儲存容量錄製節目。不僅如此，新的IP STB設備還具有家庭網路的連接埠，讓STB進一步成為家用閘道器(Residential Gateway)。

  22. STB與IPTV接口 • STB與IPTV平台接口，包含網路層認證與應用層認證，按照目前用戶與網路間的通訊方式，分為以下三種。 (1)認證接口:PPPoE與DHCP+WEB驗證。 (2)用戶消費接口:依照系統價格提示、用戶確認購買，系統實現扣費的一個消費流程。 (3)服務使用接口:實現用戶從內容營運商獲得不同應用服務的過程。

  23. DVB-IPTV: Functional model Service Provider N Service Provider 1 Service Provider 2 Live Broadcast Live Broadcast Live Broadcast CoD CoD CoD SD&S server Service inf. SD&S server Service inf. SD&S server Service inf. BCG BCG BCG HNED: Home Network End Device DNG: Delivery Network Gateway SD&S: Service Discovery and Selection BCG: Broadband Content Guide CoD: Content on Demand CDS: Content Download Service - - - indicates optional entity Content Providers CDS Focus of DVB-IPTV specification Delivery Network (Access & Core) Home Network SD&S server Service provider inf. IPI-3 IPI-1 IPI-4 DNG NAT HNED Time server DHCP DHCP Firmware Update Remote Management DNS 23

  24. DVB-IPTV: Service Provider Discovery Service Provider N Service Provider 2 Service Provider 1 Live Broadcast Live Broadcast Live Broadcast CoD CoD CoD SD&S server Service inf. SD&S server Service inf. SD&S server Service inf. BCG BCG BCG • HNED contacts SD&S entry point(s) for service provider information • Entry point lookup (in order): • DNS service location lookup for _dvbservdsc._tcp/udp.<domain name> • Well known address 224.023.14 (DVBServDisc) • DNS service location lookup for _dvbservdsc._tcp/udp.services.dvb.org • Manual entry of URL • SD&S server provides Service Provider Discovery record(s): • Service provider name • Description • Domain Name • Offerings • Address (push and/or pull) • Type of information Content Providers CDS Delivery Network (Access & Core) Home Network SD&S server Service provider inf. IPI-3 IPI-1 IPI-4 DNG NAT HNED Time server DHCP DHCP Firmware Update Remote Management DNS 24

  25. DVB-IPTV: Service Discovery Service Provider N Service Provider 2 Service Provider 1 Live Broadcast Live Broadcast Live Broadcast CoD CoD CoD SD&S server Service inf. SD&S server Service inf. SD&S server Service inf. BCG BCG BCG • SD&S info delivered either in multicast (DVBSTP) or in unicast (HTTP) • Id. of a Service Provider: • Domain name • Id. of a live service: • DVB triplet and • Textual service identifier • ID of a Broadband Content Guide Content Providers CDS Delivery Network (Access & Core) Home Network SD&S server Service provider inf. IPI-3 IPI-1 IPI-4 DNG NAT HNED Time server DHCP DHCP Firmware Update Remote Management DNS 25

  26. DVB-IPTV: Service selection and consumption for streaming Service Provider N Service Provider 2 Service Provider 1 Live Broadcast Live Broadcast Live Broadcast CoD CoD CoD SD&S server Service inf. SD&S server Service inf. SD&S server Service inf. BCG BCG BCG • Service selection • Unicast: RTSP • Multicast IGMPv3(+ optional RTSP); ASM and SSM supported • Streaming: • RTP/RTCP (+ optional AL-FEC or RET) • UDP Content Providers CDS Delivery Network (Access & Core) Home Network SD&S server Service provider inf. IPI-3 IPI-1 IPI-4 DNG NAT HNED Time server DHCP DHCP Firmware Update Remote Management DNS 26

  27. DVB-IPTV: Service selection and consumption for download Service Provider N Service Provider 2 Service Provider 1 Live Broadcast Live Broadcast Live Broadcast CoD CoD CoD SD&S server Service inf. SD&S server Service inf. SD&S server Service inf. BCG BCG BCG • Service selection • Download Session Descriptions • Unicast: http • Multicast IGMPv3 • Download: • Multicast: FLUTE (+ optional FEC) • Unicast: http • File Repair procedures Content Providers CDS Delivery Network (Access & Core) Home Network SD&S server Service provider inf. IPI-3 IPI-1 IPI-4 DNG NAT HNED Time server DHCP DHCP Firmware Update Remote Management DNS 27

  28. QoS/QoE • Quality of service is the ability to provide different priority to different applications, users, or data flows, or to guarantee a certain level of performance to a data flow. • IPTV streaming technology considers the possible service transfer from wire to wireless/from wireless to wire that is in place to ensure quality of service/quality of experience (QoS/QoE).

  29. Factors that affect the iptv • Network delay • Delay manifests itself in a number of ways, including the time taken to establish a particular service from the initial user request and the time to receive specific information once the service is established. Delay has a very direct impact on user satisfaction depending on the application, and includes delays in the terminal, network, and any servers.

  30. Factors that affect the iptv • Network delay variation (Jitter) • Delay variation is generally included as a performance parameter since it is very important at the transport layer in packetized data systems due to the inherent variability in arrival times of individual packets. • Services that are highly intolerant of delay variation will usually take steps to remove (or at least significantly reduce) the delay variation by means of buffering, effectively eliminating delay variation as perceived at the user level.

  31. Factors that affect the iptv • Packet Loss • Packet loss has a very direct effect on the quality of service finally presented to the user, whether it be voice, image, video or data.

  32. QoE(Quality of Experience ) • QoE is the term which is used to describe how it is satisfied by subscribers to the provided service quality. The poor QoE will cause dissatisfied subscribers and fall behind in contestants due to the ultimately bad market competitive power to contestants. • QoE is composed of not only the network performance parameter but also the service quality parameter such as cost, reliability, availability, usability, and fidelity.

  33. QoE scale Fig . Example alternative qualitative scales that may be derived from data collected on a quantitative scale.

  34. QOS/QOE CORRELATION MODEL FOR IPTV QOE EVALUATION • IPTV providers need a method to control QoE when QoE is not satisfied by subscribers. • Network providers can evaluate subscriber's QoE using QoS parameters weight and some analyzed values which is from the proposed model, and control QoE as deduce QoS parameters(delay, loss, jitter etc) associated with QoE.

  35. QOS/QOE CORRELATION MODEL FOR IPTV QOE EVALUATION Fig . QoS/QoE Correlation Model for IPTV

  36. QOS/QOE CORRELATION MODEL FOR IPTV QOE EVALUATION K :means the whole QoS quality determinant which is selected according to the type of the access network for the IPTV service.

  37. QOS/QOE CORRELATION MODEL FOR IPTV QOE EVALUATION Qr: a coefficient limiting the range of the IPTV image QoE according to the display size and/or resolution of the terminal. A: expresses the subscribed service class R : determined as the constant reflecting the structure of the video frames according to the GoP(Group of Picture) length

  38. EXAMPLE OF THE IPTV VIDEO QOE EVALUATION USING THE QOS/QOE CORRELATION MODEL • Case 1: MPEG-4 HDTV service • Packet Loss = 2.78E-06 (W1=8E+04) • Burst Level = 1.67ms (Wu=lO) • Packet Jitter = 37ms (Wj=O) • Packet Delay = 105ms (Wd=0.5) • Bandwidth = 8Mbps (Wb=2.0E-1O) • GoP Length = 12, Qr = 5

  39. EXAMPLE OF THE IPTV VIDEO QOE EVALUATION USING THE QOS/QOE CORRELATION MODEL • Case 2: MPEG-4 SDTV service • Packet Loss = 2.78E-06 (Wl=1.5E+04) • Burst Level = 1.67ms (Wu=20) • Packet Jitter = 37ms (Wj=O) • Packet Delay = 105ms (Wd=0.5) • Bandwidth = 8Mbps (Wb=O) • GoP Length = 12, Qr = 4.5

  40. EXAMPLE OF THE IPTV VIDEO QOE EVALUATION USING THE QOS/QOE CORRELATION MODEL Fig: QoS Parameter Weights of IPTV Service In HDTV Class

  41. EXAMPLE OF THE IPTV VIDEO QOE EVALUATION USING THE QOS/QOE CORRELATION MODEL Fig: QoS Parameter Weights of IPTV Service In SDTV Class

  42. Result • HDTVQoS(X) = 0.27817 QoEv = 2.94617 Fig: Case_1 : HDTV Class

  43. Result • SDTV • QoS(X) = 0.09754 QoEv = 4.24475 Fig: Case_2 : SDTV Class

  44. Conclusion • Network providers can predict subscriber's QoE in provided network environment and analogize service environment which meet the optimum QoE on the contrary. • Network operator can prevent the unnecessary investment for the enlargement, maintenance and repair of the network.

  45. Reference • [1]李偉, 等. IPTV關鍵技術與應用, 2007 , 7. • [2] H. L. Kim, S. G. Choi, “A Study on a QoS/QoE Correlation Model for QoE Evaluation on IPTV Service,” Feb. 2010. • [3] ITU-T P.800, "Mean Opinion Score (MOS) terminology," Mar. 2003. • [4] ITU-T P.861, "Objective quality measurement of telephone-band (3003400Hz) speech codec," Feb. 1998 • [5] ITU-T P.910, "Subjective video quality assessment methods for multimedia applications," Sep. 1999. • [6] ITU-T Recommendation Y.1541, "Network performance objectives for IP-based service," Feb. 2006.

  46. 圖片來源:NTT Cyber Solutions Laboratory Figure . IPTV coverage

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