Events Leading to Civil War

1. SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid.

2. Events Leading to Civil War • Proviso: a clause in a document making a condition or restriction • David “Wilmot Proviso”: clause seeking to ban slavery in all territory acquired from Mexico (passed in House, failed in Senate)

4. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 • Opened territories of Kansas and Nebraska to U.S. settlement • Repealed Missouri Compromise of 1820 saying it was unconstitutional • Opened way for slavery issue to be decided there by Popular Sovereignty

5. Popular Sovereignty • Idea that people living in a territory should have the right to decide the issue of slavery for themselves • First suggested by Lewis Cass. • Made popular by Stephen Douglas (in debates with A. Lincoln)

6. “Bleeding Kansas” • Fighting that took place in the Kansas territory between Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery forces • People had moved there from both sides to try and win their perspective on the issue of slavery

7. Bleeding KansasFailure of Popular Sovereignty • Because Kansas would decide about slavery through popular sovereignty, both the North (antislavery) and the South (pro-slavery) sent thousands of people into Kansas to sway the vote • Tensions between the two groups led to violence and the destruction of property, including the sacking of Lawrence • By the end of 1856, 200 people had been killed in the skirmishes How did the violence in Kansas demonstrate that popular sovereignty was a failure?

8. “Bleeding Kansas”

9. Effect on Congress • Infighting • Example: Mass. Sen. Charles Sumner was beaten with a cane by S.C. Congressman Preston Brooks • Sumner had made “anti-slavery” speech in Senate and criticized S.C. Sen. Andrew Butler (Uncle of Brooks)

11. Dred Scott • Scot was taken by his master into the free state of Illinois, and then later, back into the slave state of Missouri • With the help of an abolitionist group Scott sued for freedom (1847), claiming that because he had lived in a free state, he should be free

12. Dred Scott Case • Slave who sued to gain freedom because he had lived in free territory with owner • Supreme Court Decision: 1) slaves are considered to be property 2) property could not be excluded in territories by Congress 3) slaves were not citizens • Intensified SECTIONAL conflict over slavery

13. John Brown @ Harper’s Ferry • Abolitionist; believed GOD spoke to him • Encouraged slaves by seeking to arm them for revolt

14. John Brown’s Raid • In 1859, he and his followers tried to support a slave uprising in Virginia by seizing an arsenal in Harpers Ferry

15. John Brown’s Raid • The uprising was quickly put down and after a trial, Brown was executed • Brown was viewed by many in the North as a martyr for the anti-slavery movement How do you think Brown was viewed In the South-why?

17. Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Abraham Lincoln gained national recognition • Could not have been elected President without becoming more well-known nationally • First “Republican” President 1860

18. Bell Ringer • Does slavery still exist in the U.S.? • What forms, if any, does it exist in? • What actions can be taken to combat contemporary slavery?

19. Essential Question # 8 [Page 8] • What were the key laws and court cases surrounding the issue of slavery? • Include explanations of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott, and John Brown’s Raid. [EQ Goes In This Space] Law / Court CaseDetails • You may eitherchoose to use theback of Page 8 forextra / supplementalnotes or you may carry your chart over on the back to provide more room for info insideyour chart • Each of the followingslides contains infoconcerning laws or legal cases surroundingthe issue of slavery • Use the info providedto complete a chart like the one you seehere Kansas-NebraskaAct Failure of PopularSovereignty Dred Scott v. Sanford John Brown’s Raid

20. b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus. c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis. d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta. e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation. SSUSH 9

21. Bell Ringer • Examine the Photo: • Who is the woman? • Who are the two men? • What is ironic about the picture?

22. Essential Question 6 • What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation? • Example: [EQ Goes Here] I believe that the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation was…blah blah, blah. I believe this because…blah blah blah, blah blah [in other words, the evidence for your belief] • Simply read the Emancipation Proclamationand/or the commentary handout and formulate your own opinion • The more serious you takethis the better your answer will be

23. Essential Question - 5 • What efforts did President Lincoln make to preserve the Union during the Civil War? • Examine: • Second Inaugural Address • Gettysburg Speech • Use of emergency powers such as the suspension of habeas corpus • Emancipation Proclamation [EQ Goes Here] Effort Description 2nd Inaugural Address GettysburgSpeech Suspension of Habeas Corpus • On the Back of Page 5 • Evaluate the characterof Abraham Lincoln • Saint or Sinner? EmancipationProclamation

24. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address • Abraham Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address on March 4, 1865 • During his inauguration at the start of his second term as President of the United States • Lincoln did not speak of happiness, but of sadness • Some see this speech as a defense of his pragmatic approach to Reconstruction, in which he sought to avoid harsh treatment of the defeated South by reminding his listeners of how wrong both sides had been in imagining what lay before them when the war began four years earlier. • Lincoln balanced that rejection of triumphalism, however, with a recognition of the unmistakable evil of slavery, which he described in the most concrete terms possible • Unbeknownst to him, John Wilkes Booth, David Herold, George Atzerodt, Lewis Paine, John Surratt and Edmund Spangler, a few of the conspirators involved with his assassination were present in the crowd at the inauguration.

25. Lincoln suspends habeas corpus (1862) • The writs of habeas corpus are a person’s right not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial • Lincoln suspended these common rights in an effort to stop anyone from supporting the Confederate cause and to prevent those who encouraged others to resist the draft (conscription) • The suspension of habeas corpus was the result of draft riots in many northern cities

26. Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln, amid growing war casualties, used the Union victory at Antietam to issue the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862. • The Proclamation: • freed only those slaves in the states in rebellion • did not free the slaves in the border states • gave the UnionArmy another reasonto fight: theliberation of slaves Which slave states were unaffected by the Proclamation? Why did Lincoln plan this?

27. Gettysburg Address • In November 1863, Lincoln gave his now famous speech at Gettysburg to dedicate the Gettysburg National Cemetery • Lincoln used the speech to redefine the purpose of fighting the war: the reunification of the Union • http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gettysburgaddress.htm

28. Lincoln: Saint or Sinner? • After all is said and done – how do you feel about Lincoln? • Has your opinion of Lincoln changed in any way? • Do you feel like you’ve been duped? Bamboozled? Hoodwinked?

29. Essential Question - 7 • Who were Ulysses Grant, Robert Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William Sherman, and Jefferson Davis? What roles did each play in the Civil War? Essential Q Goes Here Grant Lee Jackson Sherman Davis

30. The Civil War (1861-1865) • The Civil War starts: • With increased tension between the North and the South (Slavery and sectionalism issues) • South Carolina secedes from the Union in December 1860 after Lincoln is elected President • By June 1861, ten Southern states had seceded • Many of the early battles were Union losses, or fought to a draw

31. Jefferson Davis • Was the first and only President of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865) • Appointed Robert E. Lee commander of Army of Northern Virginia in 1862 • Captured in Georgia, in 1865

32. Ulysses Grant (Union-North) • Had early success fighting in the west (TN, LA, MS) • Captured Vicksburg, MS giving the Union control of the Mississippi River • Lincoln promoted him to commander of the entire Union Army in 1864 • Fights Lee in a series of battles ending in Lee’s surrender at Appomattox in 1865

33. Robert E. Lee (Confederacy-South) • Resigned from the US Army to fight for the Confederacy: was against slavery but didn’t want to fight against the South • Named commander of the Army of Northern Virginia in 1862 • Lee invades Maryland (1862) and loses a major battle at Antietam, forcing him to retreat back into Virginia • After two major victories against the Union, Lee again decided to invade the North, this time into Gettysburg (PA) where he lost a 3 day battle to the Union: after the loss, Confederate forces had to remain on the defensive for the rest of the war

34. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson(Confederacy-South) • Played a major role in defeating the Union Army at the first major battle of the war (Bull Run-1861), the loss at Bull Run made the Union realize that it would be a prolonged war • Fought with Lee at Antietam • Helped defeat the Union Army at Fredericksburg (1862) and Chancellorsville (1863) • Was accidently shot at night by his own men at Chancellorsville and died 8 days later

35. William Sherman (Union-North) • Fought with Grant at Vicksburg • Named Union Commander of the West (1864) • Attacked and destroyed the city of Atlanta, a major southern railroad center, in the fall of 1864 • The victory helped Lincoln secure the political support that allowed him to be reelected in 1864

36. d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta. SSUSH 9

37. Essential Question 9 • What were the importance / significance of each of the following Civil War battles: Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta? • Example: [EQ Goes Here] Sumter Antietam Vicksburg Gettysburg Atlanta • The importance of the Battle goes here • The Name of theBattle goes here

38. Southern Secession Begins 1860 • Outcome of Election of 1860 1) Lincoln wins in landslide with electoral vote 2) South Carolina secedes

39. SECESSION FROM UNION

40. Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC • Fort Sumter, a Union fort in Charleston Harbor, is surrounded after South Carolina secedes in December 1860 • Lincoln will not evacuate or send the Navy to defend, but sends supplies to the fort, or as he said, “food for hungry men”. • The Union refused to surrender the fort and Jefferson Davis orders Southern troops to bombard it. • After 33 hours the garrison surrendered, starting the Civil War

41. Antietam: September 1862 • Lee marched into Maryland hoping that a Southern victory would convince the North to settle for peace, gain support from the British, and find food for his men • The two armies fought at Antietam, which became the bloodiest one-day battle in American history (6,000 dead, 16,000 wounded) • Lee is forced to retreat back into Virginia • The Union victory led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation What might have happened if Lee defeated the Union Army at Antietam?

42. Gettysburg (VA): July 1st - 3rd 1863 • Lee again decided to invade the North in hopes that the North would settle for peace • On July 2nd, Lee ordered anattack, known as “Pickett’s Charge” on the Union forces • The South loses 7,000 menin under 30 minutes offighting Which state did Lee invade the first time he attacked the North? What were the results?

43. Gettysburg (VA): July 1st-3rd 1863 • Lee retreated from the battlefield on July 4th, having lost 1/3 of his entire fighting force • The loss forces the South to fight a defensive war and strengthened the will of the North to continue the fight Why do you think Gettysburg is considered the turning point of the war?

44. Vicksburg (MS) July 4th 1863 • By 1863, Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River • Grant launched a siege of the city in May 1863 cutting off it’s food supply and placing it under constant bombardment • The Confederate forces surrender July 4th 1863, which gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in half Which Confederate states were isolated from the rest of the South with the fall of Vicksburg?

45. Battle for Atlanta: August 1864 • Sherman marched his army south towards Atlanta, a major railroad center in the South • He ordered all civilians out of the city and then began to burn and destroy everything of military value • Atlanta was the beginning of Sherman’s “March to the Sea” and helped the Republican Party gain political strength

46. Essential Question 11 • How did the economic disparity between the North and South affect the growing tensions between the two? • How did this disparity affect the war? • Include an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output. • Interpret the information on the following slide to answer EQ 11

47. Northern and Southern Resources