Nuclear power plant siting

1. Nuclear power plant siting International Nuclear Power Conference October 23, 2009, Tallinn

2. Pöyry - Global expert in consulting and engineering We offer our clients in-depth industry expertise, innovative solutions and lifecycle engagement 17 000 projects annually Annual turnover 820 M€ (2008) 7 000 employees in 49 countries Project experience in more than 100 countries

3. Pöyry group - Five business groups Energy Forest Industry Transportation Water & Environment Construction Services (c) grafikdienst.com Core operations are based on five know-how clusters 3

4. Pöyry‘s Consulting and Engineering Services cover the entire life-cycle of nuclear energy Development & Pre-Construction Project implementation Assets Operation Decommissioning • Project Strategy &Organisation • Financial modelling • ICT studies & solutions • Stakeholder management & public consultation • Siting Studies • Reactor technology studies • Infrastructure studies & solutions • Decommissioning, waste management & fuel strategies • Environmental impact assessment • Fuel studies • (Pre- )Feasibility studies • Conceptual & Basic Engineering • Tender documentation & bid evaluation • Safety assessment & licensing support (to Owner’s and Regulators) • Consulting to Lenders • Project management • Project controlling • Design review • Supervision of construction & commissioning • Quality Assurance & Quality Control • Shop Inspections & Expediting • Site & Construction supervision • Commissioning supervision • Safety assessment & licensing support • Detailed and site engineering for vendors • Safety assessment for regulators • Consulting to Lenders • Engineering and supervision of back-fitting/upgrades • Power uprate studies • Organisation review and design • Operational optimization studies • Life extension studies • Alternative fuel studies • Waste characterisation & inventory studies • Decommissioning studies • Safety assessment & licensing support • Safety assessment for regulators • Consulting to Lenders • Detailed decommissioning studies & engineering • Supervision of decommissioning and dismantling operations • Waste treatment & packaging studies & engineering • Waste repository studies & engineering • Waste characterisation & inventory studies • Safety assessment & licensing support • Safety assessment for regulators

5. Permitting procedures for a nuclear plant in Finland Other clarifications to be appended to the decision-in-principle application EIA programme • LAND USE PLANNING • National Land Use Guidelines • Regional Land Use Plan • Local Master plan • Local Detailed plan EIA report • DECISION-IN-PRINCIPLE • Pursuant to the Nuclear Energy Act • Preliminary safety assessment from the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority • Approval from the location municipality • Decision-in-principle from the Government • Ratification from the Parliament Permits pursuant to the Environmental Protection Act Permits pursuant to the Water Act Construction license pursuant to the Nuclear Energy Act from the Government Building permit Construction of the plant and infrastructure Operation license pursuant to the Nuclear Energy Act from the Government Commissioning of the power plant Monitoring and potential renewal of permits 5

6. The purpose of site screening is to justify the selection of few sites for further development • Site screening is done in the very beginning of the NPP project development when several possible NPP sites have been identified • The target of the screening is to analyse and rank several sites in order to enable further development of only a few sites without major surprises – in other words, to optimally allocate the substantial investment required for further development • More detailed assessment is carried out in the chosen sites as the project proceeds to permitting phases Permits in accordance with the Finnish Nuclear Energy Act Construction License Operation License Decision in Principle

7. Guidelines used in site screening International: • Site Survey for Nuclear Power Plants IAEA Safety Series No.  50-SG-S9(1984) • Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations Safety RequirementsIAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-R-3 (2003) • External Human Induced Events in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plants Safety Guide IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.1 (2002) • Dispersion of Radioactive Material in Air and Water and Consideration of Population Distribution in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plants Safety Guide IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.2 (2002) • Evaluation of Seismic Hazards for Nuclear Power Plants Safety Guide IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.3 (2003) • Meteorological Events in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plants Safety Guide IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.4 (2003) • Flood Hazard for Nuclear Power Plants on Coastal and River Sites Safety Guide IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.5 (2004) • Geotechnical Aspects of Site Evaluation and Foundations for Nuclear Power Plants Safety Guide IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.6 (2005) National (Finland): • Safety criteria for siting a nuclear power plant STUK YVL 1.10 (2000) • Other related regulations International Atomic Energy Agency The Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority of Finland

8. Pöyry approach to the assessment of alternative nuclear power plant sites The sites are assessed and scored against two main sets of criteria, which are divided to several subsets of criteria 1) Technical and commercial feasibility • Geology Cooling • Grid Logistics • Nuclear specific 2) Political, socioeconomic and environmental feasibility Land use Political Socioeconomic • Environmental In addition, careful identification of “show stoppers” and major risks is of crucial importance.

9. Illustrative summary of the results shows strengths and weaknesses of each area or site Method enables clear presentation of unfeasible or excluded areas. Method enables trade- offs and decision making between different site specific risks in project development Site 3 Site 5 Site 4 Site 6 Site 1 Site 2 Site 7 Site 8 Site 9

10. Conclusion A comprehensive, versatile and professional site-screening results in optimal selection of the site and thus decreases project risks related to site-spesific issues – however, as the issue of nuclear power is complex in any society, this does not mean that everybody would be happy with the project or even with the site selection.