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PLANT KINGDOM

PLANT KINGDOM. MOSSES. No vascular tissue (tubes) for transporting food and water so that nutrients must slowly seep from one cell to the next. No true roots, stems or leaves. Therefore, they must live in moist, shady areas and frequently grow in clusters.

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PLANT KINGDOM

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  1. PLANT KINGDOM

  2. MOSSES No vascular tissue (tubes) for transporting food and water so that nutrients must slowly seep from one cell to the next. No true roots, stems or leaves. Therefore, they must live in moist, shady areas and frequently grow in clusters.

  3. No vascular tissue (tubes) for transporting food and water so that nutrients must slowly seep from one cell to the next. No true roots, stems or leaves. Therefore, they must live in moist, shady areas and frequently grow in clusters. LIVERWORTS

  4. CLUB MOSSES

  5. HORSETAILS Horsetails and club mosses have very small leaves since they have one vein for carrying nutrients.

  6. FERNS

  7. Spore packets under the fern leaves. Fern leaves are larger and have many veins to carry nutrients.

  8. GYMNOSPERMS – Mostly conifers. These do not make flowers – they have cones. Their seeds are ‘naked” because they are not enclosed in an ovary.

  9. Here is a photo of male and female pine cones. • * The cone is the reproductive structure of a conifer.  • * Its form is that of a very short branch with many small, rounded,  leaf-like structures (scales) attached to a central stem. • * A female cone (lower half of photo) lives and grows for several years, becoming much larger than a male cone. • * An ovule develops on each scale of a female cone.  Inside the ovule, an egg cell is produced.  If fertilization occurs, an embryo grows inside the ovule.  The ovule hardens, becoming a seed. • Eventually the scales spread, allowing the seeds to fall.  If conditions are favorable where it falls, the embryo inside the pine seed will grow into a new tree. • A cluster of several male cones is shown above the female cone Male cone Female cone

  10. This is a close-up of the male pine cones shown above. * Male cones live only a few weeks.  On each tiny scale of a male cone, a pollen sac develops, inside which pollen grains are formed.  Each pollen grain is a protective container for a sperm cell. * When mature pollen is released, the male cones die and fall apart. * Pollen is carried by the wind, and some of the pollen grains land between the scales of female cones, resulting in fertilization.

  11. Young female cones on a pine. The mature female pinecone of an Italian stone pine. It is composed of scales; the seeds were between the scales.

  12. Most gymnosperms are evergreens. However, the ginkgo tree and the bald Cyprus are deciduous.

  13. ANGIOSPERMS = flowering plants

  14. Lily = monocot Rose = dicot

  15. seed pods

  16. Fruit is the ripened ovary – a flower preceded the fruit, wilted and dropped off as the fruit developed inside the pistil

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