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PLANt KINGDOM

PLANt KINGDOM. CHARACTERISTICS. Eukaryotic cell Autotrophic nutrition ( photosynthesis ) Multicellular organisms . Reproduction : Asexual ( spores or fragments ) Sexual ( seeds ) Interaction : movements of growth. Classification of plants.

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PLANt KINGDOM

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  1. PLANt KINGDOM

  2. CHARACTERISTICS • Eukaryoticcell • Autotrophicnutrition (photosynthesis) • Multicellularorganisms. • Reproduction: Asexual (sporesorfragments ) • Sexual (seeds) • Interaction: movements of growth.

  3. Classification of plants • Plantswithoutseeds: • Plantswithoutflowersthat reproduce trhoughspores and live in wetenvironmenttobeableto reproduce. • Plantswithseeds: • Theyhaveflowersthatcontainthereproductiveorgans and haveseedswichpropagatebetterthanspores. Spermatophytes

  4. EVOLUTION IN PLANTS • WITHOUT SEEDS WITH SEEDS (Spermatophyta) • MossesFernsGymnospermsAngiosperms • (bareseeds) (fruits) • Evolutionary time

  5. Plantswithoutseeds Mosses • No tissuesororgans. • They reproduce bysporesformed in capsules. (Sporangium) • Non-vascular (no xylemorphloemtissue) • Without true roots, leavesorstems. Withrhizoids. • Thesurfacemustremainmoist

  6. Plantswithoutseeds Ferns • Theyhaveroots, stem, undergroundstem (rhizome) and leaves (fronds) • Spores are formedontheunderside of thefrond in sorus. • Theylive in humidhabitats , theyneed a lot of watertosurvive. • Thereproductioniscomplex. Thecycleinvolvesspores and gametes!!!!

  7. Fern

  8. Plantswithseedsbut no fruitGYMNOSPERMS • Seeds are notenclosed in a fruit. Conifers are themostcommongymnosperms. • They are trees; theyhavethin and waterproofleaves. • Themajority are trees.Theflowers are theconesthatcontaintheirreproductivestructures. Unisexual. • Femalecones: largerthanmalecones. Central axis and sclaesarranged in a spiralshapearoundit. Eachscalecontainstwo ovules. • Malecones: smaller and grow in clusters. Thescalescontainmillions of pollengrains. • A pinetree’sseediscalledpinenut.

  9. Plantswithbothseeds and fruits.Angiosperms • Most are deciduoustrees. Flowershavecalix and corolla. They can be unisexual orhermaphrodite. • Seedsare developedinto a fruitthat comes formthefertilisation of an ovule. • Ovules and pollengrains are produced in thestamen and carpels. • Pollinationisthetransference of thepollenfromtheanthertothestigma. • Thefertilised ovule developsinto a seedthatcontainsanembryo (withfood) and a seedcoat . Theovaryripensintothefruitthatcontainstheseeds

  10. Flowerstructure

  11. Seedstructure

  12. Plantstructure • Organs: • Roots: toanchortheplant and toabsorbwater and mineral salts • Stem: tosupportleaves, flowers and fruits. Itcontains a system of vascular vesselsthattransportsap • Xylem: fromrootstoleaves • Phloem: fromtheleavestoeverywhere • Leaves: with a waxylayer and stomata. Photosynthesis

  13. Leaftypes

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