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Cell by Date. Bio-Indicator for Meat Spoilage. Introduction. Introduction. Introduction. Problem with Food Industry. Specification. Design. Modelling. Implementation. Testing/Validation. PROBLEM : Printed sell-by date is based on predictive challenge testing
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Cell by Date Bio-Indicator for Meat Spoilage
Problem with Food Industry Specification Design Modelling Implementation Testing/Validation • PROBLEM: Printed sell-by date is based on predictive challenge testing • Not reflective of product exposure to environment • Printed Sell By Date is unreliable • SOLUTION: Monitor level of exposure and report it – Tell Consumer when meat is not fit for consumption
Motivations Specification Design Modelling Implementation Testing/Validation • Fresh meat is a highly perishable food • Survey studies show temperature conditions >10°C are usual during transportation, retail storage, and consumer handling. • 1/3 of Adults use spoilt food • Colouring and packaging methods are deceptive • Win-win situation for producers-consumers • Recycling of old projects – pH, temperature, BFP
Specification Specification Design Modelling Implementation Testing/Validation • Report When food is ‘off’ • Report cumulative Temperature exposure of food • Temp is largest factor in spoiling • Easiest way to report if food is bad • Easy To Use • Visual Reporter – Wow ! factor • Improve Accuracy of other attempts: • SSM, Intelligent Cooling, Antimicrobial • Only Threshold devices • System must be stable for length of shelf-life • No contact with food – Need to obey HSA standards
Considerations/Problems Specification Design Modelling Implementation Testing/Validation • Report Cumulative Temperature exposure of food • Need memory to do this / Integrator fct • Visual Reporter • Needs to have long degradation time • Improve Accuracy • Limited Crosstalk with chassis • Easily tuneable threshold • Stable for length of Shelf Life • HSA standards • Project must not contaminate food
Solutions Specification Design Modelling Implementation Testing/Validation • Integrator • Improved Accuracy • Stability • HSA standards • Long Degradation Time • Firefly FP Cell Free System
Solutions Specification Design Modelling Implementation Testing/Validation • Cell-free system • Widely-used in vitro tool used to study biological reactions • Less of the complex interactions cf.whole cell. • Provides molecular machinery that can be used in reactions with the absence of many cellular components.
Solutions Specification Design Modelling Implementation Testing/Validation • Integrator • Improved Accuracy • Stability • HSA standards • CFS increases stability due to lack of degrading enzymes • CFS stable for up to 4 days • CFS agrees with HSA standards Cell Free System
Luciferase RBS Te Te Pc Design Specification Design Modelling Implementation Testing/Validation Temp. Increase Cell-free extract medium O2 Luciferin LIGHT!!! Photinus luciferin + O2 + ATP <=> oxidized Photinus luciferin + CO2 + AMP + diphosphate + light
Modelling Specification Design Modelling Implementation Testing/Validation • Concept of predictive microbiology • Involves knowledge of microbial growth responses to environmental factors • Expressed in quantitative terms using mathematical equations • Data used to interpret the effect of varying conditions on microbial growth. • Integrative Temp function of product • Leads to “intelligent” product management systems • Optimization of food quality and safety at the time of consumption
Implementation Specification Design Modelling Implementation Testing/Validation Simplest System : Phase 1 Bio indicator Colour scheme BAD Good OK
Implementation Specification Design Modelling Implementation Testing/Validation • Simplest System : Phase 2 • Discrete Change In addition Phase 1 Good Bad Eg. Discrete Change At 25oC for more than 2 hours
Testing Specification Design Modelling Implementation Testing/Validation • Focus on proof of concept • Period of 24 hours as opposed to 4 days • Regulated luciferase synthesis that corresponds to predicted outcome • Light intensity as a measurement (compare with colour scheme strip)
Time line • Week 3-4 – Modelling + GeneART • Week 4-6 – Experiment implementation • Week 7-8 – Testing / Validation • Week 9-10 – Polish the project + documentation
Conclusion • Cell by date: • Mimics printed ‘sell by date’ with additional temperature exposure tracking • More accurate than conventional method • Will improve consumer health • Focuses on use of experimentation & proof of concept
End • Questions?