Chapter 18 Reconstruction Review

1. Chapter 18 Reconstruction Review By: Luke Veilleux

2. Amendments to the constitution during this period. • Fill in the blanks. • 13th amendment- • 14th amendment- • 15th amendment-

3. Amendments to the Constitution • 13th amendment- Banned slavery in the states. • 14th amendment- All who were born in the United States gain civil rights states can’t deny life, liberty or property to any without the law having a part in it. • 15th amendment- States can’t deny the right to vote based on race ethnics or other differences.

4. Reconstruction • Reconstruction- • Reconstruction Plans- • Radical Reconstruction- • Reconstruction Act-

5. Reconstruction • Reconstruction- Rebuilding the south after the Civil War. • Reconstruction Plans- The Government’s plans to rebuild the South • Radical Reconstruction- Great change in order to reconstruct the South. • Reconstruction Act- The act that made southern states make a new government and rewrite their constitution.

6. African American’s • Black Codes- • Freedman’s bureau- • Freedmen- • Sharecroppers-

7. African American’s • Black Codes- Codes that kept blacks as close to slavery as possible. • Freedman’s bureau- Government organization that helped feed, cloth, and educate the freedmen and poor farmers. • Freedmen- Blacks that were freed under the Emancipation Proclamation. • Sharecroppers- Blacks that farmed the land of the whites and in return got to keep a portion of what they farmed.

8. Individuals/Groups • Ku Klux Klan- • Blanche K. Bruce- • Hiram Revels- • Carpetbaggers- • Conservatives- • Scalawags-

9. Individuals/Groups • Ku Klux Klan- Composed entirely of whites. Wanted to keep blacks away from voting, often used violence. • Blanche K. Bruce- First black to serve a full term in the senate. • Hiram Revels- The first black senator, represented Mississippi. • Carpetbaggers- Northerners who came south. • Conservatives- Southerners that wanted very little change in the south. • Scalawags- White Southerners who voted with the North.

10. Individuals/Groups • Abraham Lincoln- • Radical Republicans- • Andrew Johnson-

11. Individuals/Groups • Abraham Lincoln- 15th president of the United States made the 10% plan to let the south rejoin the union easily and without much chaos. He was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. • Radical Republicans- Republicans of congress that wanted great changes in the south in order to allow them to rejoin the union. • Andrew Johnson- President after Lincoln was assassinated. He made a much more mild plan to allow the south to rejoin the Union than most people expected.

12. Voting Taxes • Poll Tax- • Literacy Test- • Grandfather Clause-

13. Voting Taxes • Poll Tax- The taxes that the southern governments put on voting so to stop the blacks from voting. • Literacy Test- A test that all the people in the south had to take in order to vote. The test was to read and understand a part of the constitution. • Grandfather Clause- A law that the south passed to allow poor white farmers to vote if their dad or grandfather was able to vote prior to 1866.

14. Segregation • Segregation- • Jim Crow Laws- • Plessy vs. Ferguson-

15. Segregation • Segregation- Laws that made blacks and whites separate in most public places. • Jim Crow Laws- Laws of segregation that even separated the whites and the blacks in cemeteries and bathrooms. • Plessy vs. Ferguson- Case brought up to oppose Segregation. Got to Supreme Court until they said it was legal if both facilities were equal, they rarely were.

16. Was Reconstruction Successful? Explain. Who officially ended reconstruction?

17. Was Reconstruction Successful? Explain. Who officially ended reconstruction? • Yes and No, it achieved the main goal of freeing the slaves but that’s about it. In the end the slaves ended up going back to the slave owners as sharecroppers and kept still very close to slavery. It did however help the South get back on its feet and be able to start keeping it self up as they replanted and rebuilt. In the end it was Hayes who officially ended Reconstruction in the south.

18. 1876 election- Who was in it and what happened around this period?

19. 1876 Election- Who was in it and what happened around this period? • The 1876 election was between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden. This election was voted to be Samuel J. Tilden’s from the public. But with a dispute over 20 electoral votes those that contained the votes for pushed out and all 20 of the voted given to Rutherford Hayes, giving him the lead and the win in the election. Around this time period Hayes pulled the last union troops out of the South and ended reconstruction.

20. Assassinated! • Who was Assassinated? • Who assassinated him? • What was this president’s plan for the south?

21. Assassinated! • Who was Assassinated? • -President Abraham Lincoln • Who assassinated him? • -John Wilkes Booth • What was this president’s plan for the south? • The president’s plan for the south was to have 10% of the population in that state swear loyalty to the Union. He also thought that all the south should get amnesty and try to be “friends” again.

22. Freedmen- Who were they? What was their ultimate goal? What did most of them end up as?

23. Freedmen- Who were they? What was their ultimate goal? What did most of them end up as? • The freedmen were the old slaves of the south that were freed from the Emancipation Proclamation or the 13th amendment of the constitution. These freed people’s goal was to get north or try to make a living in the south somewhere. All most all of the old slaves ended up a sharecroppers, which had near the same laws as slavery.