DIDACTIC METHODS ENABLING YOUNG PEOPLE TO DEVELOP AND PREVENTING SCHOOL ABANDONMENT.

1. DIDACTIC METHODS ENABLING YOUNG PEOPLE TO DEVELOP AND PREVENTING SCHOOL ABANDONMENT. LIFELONG EDUCATION ASSISTANCE.

2. Whatareteachingmethods? Teachingmethodsaredeliberatelyused and systematicallyintroducedway of working with studentsthatenablesthem to master knowledgealong with the ability to useit in practice.It accounts for the development of students’ cognitiveabilities and interests.

3. The choice of teachingmethodsdepends on: • age of the students; • learning contentwhichcomprises the entirety of the basicskills and knowledge on science, technology, culture, art and socialpracicethatitexpected to be covered by studentsduringtheirstay in school; • objectives and tasksof teaching and educationalwork; • organization the teacherwants to arrange and resources he/sheisgoing to use.

4. Elements of teachingmethods: • preparation of teaching materials, • work with students. • The classification of teachingmethodsis not standardizeddue to continuousproduction of newmethods.

8. Classifications of methods by selectedPolishauthors of pedagogicalstudies Classification by Kupisiewicz with activatingmethodsadded: -  methodsbased on word: lecture, story, small talk, description, discussion, work with a book, -   methodsbased on observation and measurement: show, measurement, -   methodsbased on practicalactivities of students: laboratoryclasses, practicalclasses, -   activatingmethods:brainstorming, situationalmethods, role-play, problem-solvingmethods etc.

9. Didacticgameis a techingmethodthatuses a game as a way to facilitate the aquisition of knowledge and skills. The studentslearn by fun, whichisanextremelyusefulfactor in a teaching proces. Game is a variety of play. The studentshave to obeyspecificrules, developrespect for standards and becomefamiliar with the tasteof a victoryor a defeat. It is to be distinguished: • Simulationmethod - itfocuses on analysing the problemsbeingplayed by the students. The worked-out resultsarecompared with the actualsolutions. Simulationsarebased on reality. It requires the activity of the studentstaking part in the game, whichissubject to strictrules. • Situationalmethod- serves to shape the students’ ability to comprehensivelyanalize the dillemas and problemstheyencounter. It isrelated to the fictionalsituationsthatarelikely to happen • Role play (role playgames) - the studentsareasked to pretend to be someonetheyare not. Playing the role or performing a dialogue in a fictionalsituatione.g. to portraysomeone in a fairytaleleavesitsmark on students’ emotional and intelectualeducation.

10. Classification by Kruszewski: • verbalmethods; • examinationmethods; • practicalmethods; • methodsbased on didacticgames. • Classification by Grzesik: • methodsbased on writing, • practicalmethods, • theoreticalmethods, • verbalmethods, • simple and complexmethods.

11. The modifieddivision of teachingmethods • Currently in Polishpedagogicalstudies the modifieddivisionhasbeenused. It consists of the followingmethods: • ·Servingmethods: • Information lecturewhichused to pass on information in a systematicmanner; • Small talk: talk between the teacher and the studentsduringwhich the teacherintroducessomespecificcontent, asksquestions and the studentsrespond; • Storytelling: presenting the subject of a specificaction in time; itshould be related in a live and excitingmanner; • Description; • Lecture;

12. Anecdote: a shortliterary form containing real orimaginary story aboutan incydent in life of a famouscharacter (livingorhistorical) oraccount of a particularsocialgroup. Anecdotehasanamusingtone, but itpresentssomedidacticelements. The characteristicfeature of this genre is a straightforward, clearconslusion and anunexpectedpunchline; • reading; • explanationorclarification.

13. Methodsbased on problem-solving: • problem lecture; • seminarlecture; • classical problem method; • activatingmethods: • -methods of case-studies, • - situationalmethods; • staging; • didacticgames: simulation, decision-makinggames and psychologicalgames; • seminar;

14. -didacticdiscussion: • corresponding to the lecture; • roundtablediscussion; • multiple; • brainstorming; • panel discussion; • metaplan, whichis a method of discussionduringwhich the participantscreate a poster whichis a graphicalabbreviation of the debate. Can be carried out either in small and big groups.

15. Exhibitmethods: film; play; exposure; experience show. Programmedmethods: computer - basedmethods; teachingmachine - basedmethods; programmedmanualmethods.

16. Practicalmethods: • show; • subjectexcercise; • laboratoryexcercise; • productionpractice; • projectmethod; • leadingtextmethod; • seminar; • simulation. • The abovemethodsperform the followingfunctions: • studentsbecomefamiliar with the newmaterial; • theyensureconsolidation of knowledge; • theyprovide the monitoring and evaluation of the degree of materialaquisition.

19. Elixir of the creativeteacher • courage, courage, courage, • a cup of knowledge, • a lot of imagination, • twocupsof experience, • openess to the world, • a dash of madness, • a bucket of patience and self-control, • a spark of fascination, • twodice of originality, • largehandful of humour. • Thatisall. Done. )

21. Ways of learning • Everyonepresents a differentway of learing. • It can be distinguished: • memorizing– the purposeis to storeinformation and activitiesso as to producethem with no mistakes. The basicactivityherearerepetitions, whicharebased on the followingthreerules: • - The activeattitudebringsaboutbetterresultsthan the passive one, • - Memorizing the beginning and the end requiresfewerrepetitionsthanmemorising the central part, • - Time needed to acquire the particularmaterialispropotional to the square of the length of a series.

22. Learning by problem solving– the student encounters a new, difficultsituation as the taskcannot be resolved on the basis of alreadyacquiredknowledge. The student needs to producenewinformation. • Learning by trials and mistakes– when the student is in a newsitualtion, and needs to spot and considernew system of dependencies in order to betteradopt to life. Thisway of learning isconsidereduneconomical and isonlyapplicablewhen the othermeansfail.

23. Learning by insight (understanding)– discovering the organization of the materialto be learnt, addingstructure to it. The point is to getinto and penetrate the essence of things to discover the linksbetween the elements, and the terms in the scope of the work. • Learning by imitation, • Side-effect (involuntary) learning – occurswhile performing someothertasks, • Learning throughfun– By participating in games, taking part in competitions, tournaments but alsowatchingsuchprogrammes, we acquireknowledge and practicalskillsuseful in everyday life. This form of learning iseasy to recognize in entertainment, educationalprogrammes.

24. Edutainment– neologism in English, coming from the combination of the words: „education” and „entertainment” (sometimesedutainmentisknown as entertainment-education). The essence of edutainment well captures the saying "teaching by playing". It points out the correspondingappropriate hierarchy. The concept of edutainmentshowssuchactionswhoseaimisprimarilyeduation, and a form of entertainmentisonly the way to enhanceorconceal the educationalmessage. In otherwords the edutainmentprogrammesteach by using the entertainmentmethods ( theyaretools of „entertaining” education). Theirpurposeis to activatepeople to learn and buildaninterractionbetween the educator (or a tool of education) and the student.

25. Thereareseveralreasons for whichedutainmentisworthusing in the proces of generaleducation: • It is a toolthathelps to draw public attention to the issuesthatareimportant for the development of society and economy, • It isaneffective form of educatingpeople. Results of the evaluation of edutainmentprogrammesindicate a significantincrease of knowledgeamong the recipients, • It impactsthissphere of consciousnessthatisresponsible for the majority of the decisionsthataremadeeveryday. It maysignificantly influence the attitudes and the behaviour of people,

26. It is a tool of influencing the mass. By edutainment we areable to promote the desiredbehaviours and patterns of conducton a largescale, • Despite the relatively high costs of preparing the edutainmentprogrammes, the overallcost of educationemployingentertainmenttoolsislowerthan the one of othertraditionalforms of education.

27. Learning by relaxation The test resultsprovedveracity of the claimthat a humanbeingis a whole: the body and the psyche arecoupled with eachother. The research show that not only the mindcanaffect the body work but the same relatioshipis to be observed in the otherway. If we ensure the properfunctioning of the body itregulates the work of the mind. The measurableeffectsare to be noticed: the less blocades and tensions in ourbodies, the better and easier we think.

28. Non-formaleducation Non-formaleducation – learning throughpractice - is a lifelongprocess of shaping the attitudes, values, skills and acquiringknowledgebased on variousexperieces and the influence of educational environment (family, friends, work, playground, market) and the theimpact of mass media.

29. School abandonment Whyitisso hard to improve the educationallevels in ourschoolsnowadays? One importantreasonisthatschoolsare not designed and prepared for the demands we expecttoday. Educational system was designedover a century ago, mimickingproductivefactories of that era. By standarizing the methods of teaching and evaluatingprocesses, schoolsystemscouldeducatechildren in the same way as the facrtoriesproducedgoods. This model in whichyouputstudents to the classes and taughtthem the same things in exactly the same way, was useful for peoplewhoafterleavingschool went straight to work in the industry.

30. Educationalactionprogrammepreventingtruancy „STOP TRUANCY” The sucess of a child in schooldepends on a number of interrelatedelements. Theyare: socio-economicfactors, the level of cultural and educationalatmosphere of the house, the intellectuallevel of the child’smental and physicalabilities. Anotherrelevantfactoris the family environment, whichaffects the child’s learning success by the creation of supportiveconditions and shapinghisfeelings, attitudes, aspirations, ambitions and abilities.

31. The causes of trauancyarevarious. Some of themareerrorsmade in the didatic and child-rearingprocess. The detailedreasons for truancyare: -lack of properparentalcare, - fear of a teacherorbadrankings, - lack of the desire to learn and improperattitude to the schoolduties,- laziness, - bad influence of colleagues,- disaprroval in relations to the teacher, - motivesbeyondschool, in the environment thatencourages to leave the lesson.

32. Non-GovernmentalOrganizations and their role in preventingdropout. Association for HelpingChildren „ a Piece of Heaven" a public non profit organization. It was established in 2004 by the group of peoplewhowanted to organize the day-care, sociotherapeutic club for the youngpeople. The associationdedicatesitssociotherapeutic and educationaloffer to children and youngpeopleliving in the area of the Old Town in Częstochowa „A Piece of Heaven” closelycooperates with the municipal police station in Częstochowa.

33. The activitiesundertaken in the club areaimedatcomprehensive development of children and youth, equaleducationalopportunities and strengtheningtheirconstructiveactivity, The interestscircles (groups) enablechildren to developinterests and passions, evoketalents and developskills, especially in the artistic field. Therearecarried out: specializedtherapeuticclasses and individualtherapies, communitycorrectionclasses, occupationaltherapies and preventiveprogrammes.

34. The teaching – compensatoryclasses and development classesoffer: • Teching of mathematics, • Teaching of foreighlanguages, • Compensatoryclasses: spelling, writing, • listeningcomprehension, readingexpertskill, • - General development activities (memorizing and mappingexcercises)

35. The „circles of interests” wereconducted: · art group · theatregroup · film group · musical circleofferingguitarclasses and rhytmical (dancing) classes for children · mathematiccircle · readinggroup · gamegroup · gymgroup · computergroup –the web tearoomwhere one coulduse the web service, graphic and office software, recreation and sportsgroup: table tenis, volleyball, football, Recreationalgymnastics with the elements of yoga, · Graffiti workshops: „Graffiti – Art in Accordance with the Law” · hairdressingworkshop

36. Special classes: • Individualpsychotherapy, • Consultationhours with parents and carers of children, • correctional and therapeuticcommunity, • Supervision of educational and therapeuticwork. • Preventiveprogrammes: • Safety on the road. • Security at the swimmingpool and the waterarea, • Behaviour in case of accidentat the waterarea, • Safetyat the playground, • Safeuse of sportingfacilities, • ”Cyberbullying – threats in the network” • „My friendRex”