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Responding to Stress

Responding to Stress . Quiz. What are the three different theories of stress response? What are the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome? What are two coping strategies mentioned in the book? . Survey .

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Responding to Stress

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  1. Responding to Stress

  2. Quiz • What are the three different theories of stress response? • What are the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome? • What are two coping strategies mentioned in the book?

  3. Survey • Take two minutes to survey this part of the chapter (Responding to Stress) • What is it about? • What do you already know about the topic?

  4. Reminder! • Don’t forget to take (Cornell) notes!

  5. Theories of Stress Responses • Selye’s general adaptation syndrome • Lazarus’s cognitive theory • Coping strategies

  6. General Adaptation Syndrome • Introduced by Hans Selye, “father of stress research” • G.A.S. – predictable sequence of reactions (alarm, resistance, exhaustion stages) in response to stressors

  7. General Adaptation Syndrome Stressor ...a demand placed on the body that requires adjustment and brings about the stress reaction. G. A. S. 3Stages: 1. Alarm 2. Resistance 3. Exhaustion Healthy Adaptation or Illness

  8. Stage 1: Alarm Stage • “Fight or Flight” reaction: body mobilizes resources to combat threat by • activating the parasympathetic nervous system, which releases hormones (Glucocorticoids) to supply body with instant energy

  9. Stage 2: Resistance Stage • Adrenal cortex continues to supply body with hormones (Glucocorticoids) to resist stressors or adapt to stressors

  10. Stage 3: Exhaustion Stage • Body fails to resist or adapt to stressors • Depletion of all energy resources • Results in diseases, disorders and death

  11. Harmful Effects of Stress extended release of glucocorticoids leads to • Permanent increase in blood pressure • Suppression of immune system • Weakening of muscles • Damage of the hippocampus CHRONIC DISEASES

  12. Lazarus’s Cognitive Therapy Stressor Selye assumed that stress is caused by the stressor itself. Lazarus proposed that a person’s perception determines whether stress occurs. Appraisal G. A. S. Healthy Adaptation or Illness

  13. Lazarus and Folkman’s Theory Stressor Primary Appraisal: Is stressor negative? Appraised as stressful could involve: Harm or loss - has already occurred Threat – potential harm or loss Challenge – opportunity to grow No Stress Yes No (positive, irrelevant) Secondary Appraisal: Can I control the situation? • 1. Evaluation of Resources: • Physical (health, energy, stamina) • Social (support, network) • Psychological (skills, morale, self-esteem) • Material (money, tools, equipment) • Time • 2. Considering Options in dealing with stressor If Yes:

  14. The Stress Response • Physiological component: arousal, fluctuation in hormone secretion. • EmotionalComponent: anxiety, fear, grief, resentment, excitement (if stress is from challenge). • BehavioralComponent: Coping strategies — problem focused and emotion-focused. The level of stress we experience depends mainly on the adequacy of our resources for coping AND how much they will be drained by the stressful situation.

  15. Coping Strategies Coping – person’s efforts through action and/or thought to deal with perceived stressors • Problem-focused coping • Emotion-focused coping

  16. Problem-Focused Coping • Direct • Consists of reducing, modifying, or eliminating the SOURCE of stress

  17. Emotion-Focused Coping • Reappraisal of the stressor to reduce emotional impact • Ignoring the stressor (effective) • Humor • Meditation • Yoga

  18. Example of Combination A college student faces multiple final examinations. She knows she must get top grades in order to have a chance at acceptance to graduate school and is very stressed out by the situation. She could organize a study group or get right to work on studying systematically (problem-focused coping). Or she could decide that she needs to relax and give herself a short break in which to decompress (emotion-focused coping) before she can come up with a study plan (problem-focused coping).

  19. Proactive Coping • Efforts or actions one takes before a potentially stressful situation to prevent its occurrence or to lessen its consequences

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