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Civil War Unit. The Essential questions And brief overview. US Civil War Unit: Essential Questions. What causes a civil war? What caused the civil war in the United States? How did technology, industrialization, and leadership shape the outcome of the war?
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Civil War Unit The Essential questions And brief overview
US Civil War Unit: Essential Questions What causes a civil war? What caused the civil war in the United States? How did technology, industrialization, and leadership shape the outcome of the war? How does the US civil war compare to other civil wars around the world throughout history? How does a country heal/reconstruct itself after a civil war? How did the US heal/reconstruct itself after the civil war?
Vocabulary Civil War: A war between political factions or regions within the same country. Secede: to withdraw formally from an alliance, association, or from a political union Union: the collection of Northern states fighting to preserve the union of the United States of America (led by Abraham Lincoln) Confederacy: the collection of Southern states who broke away from the U.S.A. to form their own country (led by Jefferson Davis)
Causes of the American Civil War Slavery: as a moral issues; Northerners believing it was wrong and must be stopped; Southerners convinced it was good and necessary States Rights: (basic differences in the interpretation of the powers of the Federal Government)Southerners believing in the supremacy of State Governments and Northerners believing in thesupremacy of the Federal or National Government Economics: differences in economic interests of the regions; the North based on industrial development and development of free labor, while the South remained dependent on agriculture and slave labor.
Causes of the American Civil War Culture: different regional cultures between North and South- rooted in differences from the first settlements of the 13 colonies Fanaticism: the war was caused by fanatics on both sides who refused to compromise issues that could have been resolved through discussion, reasoning, and listening. Fanatics on all sides and from all parts of life- politicians, religious leaders, journalists- all had a large impact on public opinion regarding the conflict
The Start Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States in 1860, causing 11 southern slave states to declare their secession from the United States and form the Confederate States of America ("the Confederacy") The other 25 states supported the federal government, "the Union“, (in the North)
The Breakdown of Secession Status of the states, 1861 Dark Red: States that seceded before April 15, 1861 Light Red: States that seceded after April 15, 1861 Yellow: Union states that permitted slavery Dark Blue: Union states that banned slavery Light Blue: Territories
THE UNION/NORTH WHY FIGHT? • Cause = Preserve Union of states (And later to End Slavery)
THE UNION/NORTH’S OVERVIEW 22 Million people, lots of immigration and eventually Freed Slaves 7 times more manufacturing 75% of all Railroads in the US Control of Navy and Merchant Fleet Central Government and strong/ diverse Economy Abraham Lincoln’s determination and leadership
THE CONFEDERACY/SOUTH Why Fight?Cause = to defend their homes/Way of Life Fighting on their home land History of successful secessions in other parts of the world (13 Colonies, Netherlands and Greece)
THE CONFEDERACY/SOUTH OVERVIEW 9 Million people but (3.5 = Slaves) New Government and undiversified economy (Only “King Cotton” agriculture) Jefferson Davis as new President of the Confederacy Defensive Stance in battle (Only had to hold off Union’s will to fight until they give up) Main General Robert E. Lee probably best general in the war
The Emancipation Proclamation President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln justified his decision as a wartime measure, it ended up being one of his greatest military tactics of the war. The Emancipation Proclamation deprived the Confederacy of the bulk of its labor forces and put international public opinion strongly on the Union side.
Limits of the Proclamation It applied only to states that had seceded from the Union, leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states. It also exempted parts of the Confederacy that had already come under Northern control. Most important, the freedom it promised depended upon Union military victory.
Consequences of the Proclamation It captured the hearts and imagination of millions of Americans and fundamentally transformed the character of the war, to one of freedom the Proclamation announced the acceptance of black men into the Union Army and Navy, By the end of the war, almost 200,000 black soldiers and sailors had fought for the Union and freedom.
Civil War Fighting Four years of brutal conflict were marked by historic battles at Bull Run (Manassas), Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Vicksburg, among others. The War Between the States, as the Civil War was also known, pitted neighbor against neighbor and in some cases, brother against brother. This was a personal war.
Another Turning Point of the War At the beginning of 1864, Lincoln made General Grant commander of all Union armies. Grant understood the concept of total war and believed that only the utter defeat of Confederate forces and their economic base would end the war. Grant and his men used harsh policies of destroying homes, farms, and railroads in the South.
The End Southern General Lee surrendered his Army on April 9, 1865. Meanwhile, Confederate forces across the South surrendered as news of Lee's surrender reached them. An official end to the war was declared on May 9, 1865.
Assassination of Lincoln On April 14, 1865, President Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth, a Southern sympathizer. Lincoln died early the next morning, and Andrew Johnson became president.
Consequences of War- the price in blood At least 618,000 Americans died in the Civil War, and some experts say the toll reached 700,000. At any rate, these casualties exceed the nation's loss in all its other wars, from the Revolution through Vietnam.
Breakdown- The North The Union armies had from 2,500,000 to 2,750,000 men. Their losses, by the best estimates: Battle deaths:110,070 Disease, etc.:250,152 Total: 360,222
Breakdown- The South The Confederate strength, known less accurately because of missing records, was from 750,000 to 1,250,000. Its estimated losses: Battle deaths:94,000 Disease, etc.:164,000 Total258,000
Reconstruction Reconstruction was a time of rebuilding and repairing the damage caused by the war – in the North and South. The physical damage to cities, railroads, houses…had to be repaired. And the rights of the newly freed slave population had to be protected and enforced in the South.
Reconstruction Amendments to the Constitution 13th (1865): outlaws slavery except as punishment for a crime 14th (1868) : grants citizenship to everyone born in the US and subject to its jurisdiction and protects equal civil and political rights 15th (1870): which guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race
Failure? Even though these important rights were guaranteed by these amendments, reconstruction efforts are sometimes regarded as a failure because it created an economically poor region where racial tensions still existed and freed slaves were still treated as second class citizens.
