1 / 65

The Asian Model of the Industrial Cluster Policy For the Global Value Chain October 10, 2015

Explore the Asian model of industrial clusters by analyzing automobile industry clusters in Guangzhou, China. Learn about segment building, leader identification, and efficient sequence formation in industrial clusters.

bacosta
Download Presentation

The Asian Model of the Industrial Cluster Policy For the Global Value Chain October 10, 2015

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Asian Model of the Industrial Cluster Policy For the Global Value Chain October 10,2015 Akifumi Kuchiki Nihon University

  2. Only300hectaresin Iran for Industrial agglomeration! Iran will start its growth from 300 hectares! (3 Km2)

  3. Objective: In Iran, we will createChina’s Shenzhen ！！！ Industrial agglomeration in Asia: Kaohsiung in Taiwan in the 1960s. Penang in Malaysia and Eastern Seaboard in Thailand in the 1980s. Shenzen in China in the 1990s Industrial Cluster Policy in Iran!

  4. 1. What kinds of the segments of an industrial cluster are built?2. Is it an efficient sequence of forming the segments?3. Who is a leader?Key words: segment, sequence, leader Questions:

  5. In other words, • The segments = The investment environment • Sequence = Prioritization • Leader = Human resource

  6. Conclusions: The Asian model:Flowchart Approach: • 1. Segments • 2. The economies of sequence in forming the segments. • 3. We must find a leader as an initial value of a sequence. • industrial cluster (a bunch of grapes)

  7. 1. Industrial cluster A bunch of grapes

  8. Kuchiki’s Definition: industrial cluster of the industryconsists of two stages: Stage 1 is the stage of Agglomeration,Stage 2 is the stage of Innovation.

  9. Today’s topics:Industrial clusters in Asia: 1. Automobile：Guangzhou, China 2. Electronics: Thang Long Industrial Park (TLIP) in Hanoi, Vietnam 3. Automobile: Eastern Sea Board in Thailand

  10. Automobile Clusters = Global VC Beijing/Tianjin Korea Nagoya China Delhi Kyushu Shanghai India Guangzhou Bangkok/Rayong Manila Mumbai [Bombay] ASEAN Kuala Lumpur Jakarta

  11. １．Guangzhou’s Automobile Industry Cluster

  12. The Asian model: Flowchart Approach: (a) industrial zones (b) anchor firms (c) the related firms (suppliers) (d) segment building (e) leader

  13. The Asian Model: Flowchart Approach Source: A. Kuchiki and K. Yoshida

  14. (a) Industrial Zones andSegment Building: 6 Industrial Zones

  15. Source: The Bureau of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of Guangzhou Municipality, A Foreign Investment Guide to Guangzhou Auto Industry, 2005.

  16. Segment: (b) Institutions: One-stop Services

  17. (c) Anchor firms: Source: Based on Tsukada (2005), Kuchiki arranged partly. Notes: Korea Hyundai Motor and Guangzhou Automobile produce commercial vehicles in Huadu. (Total investment: 135 billion yen) Hyundai Motor and Beijing Automobile Investment Co. produce passenger vehicles.

  18. (d) Related Firms: Suppliers： Anchor Firms: Honda, Nissan and Toyota => Agglomeration

  19. Company name Investor Products Foundation 1 Dongfeng Motor Corporation Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Dongfeng Motor Corporation Passenger cars, commercial vehicles 2003 2 Unipres Guangzhou Corporation Unipres Corporation Car body components 2003 Yorozu Corporation, Shanghai Bao Steel Int. Economics 3 Yorozu Bao Mit Automotive Co., Ltd. Suspensions 2003 &Trading Co., Ltd., Mitsui &Co., Ltd. 4 Guangzhou Mitsuike Autoparts Co., Ltd. Mitsuike Corporation Metalic dies 2003 Dongfeng Passenger Vehicle Research & Development Center 5 Dongfeng Nissan Research and development center 2004 6 Guangzhou Hitachi Unisia Automotive Parts Co., Ltd. Hitachi Automotive Systems Power Steering System 2004 7 Fuzhou Fukwang Rubber & Plastic Co., Ltd. Kinugawa Rubber Industrial Co., Ltd. Body sealing products 2004 8 Guangzhou Hua Jing Automotive Steelparts Co., Ltd. Mitsui & Co., Ltd. Steel plates 2004 9 Kiriu-Lioho Co., Ltd. Brake parts 2004 Kiriu Corporation, Lioho Machine Works, Ltd. Taiwan （ ） 10 Guangzhou Nishikawa Sealing Systems Co., Ltd. Nishikawa Rubber Co., Ltd. Sealing parts 2004 11 Alpha (Guangzhou) Automotive Parts Co., Ltd. Alpha Corporation, Marubeni Vehicle Corporation Key sets 2004 12 Xingguang (Guangzhou) Autoparts Co., Ltd. (*) Hoshi Diecast Kogyosho Die-castings 2004 13 Tacle Guangzhou Automotive Seat Co., Ltd. Tachi-S Co., Ltd. 2004 Automobi e seats ｌ 14 Guangzhou Kasai Automotive Interior Trim Parts Co., Ltd. Kasai Kogyo Co., Ltd. Interior parts 2004 15 Calsonic Kansei (Shanghai) Corporation (Huadu Branch) Calsonic Kansei Corporation Module Products 2005 16 MI Steel Processing Guangzhou Co., Ltd. Marubeni Itochu Steel Inc. Steel plates 2005 17 CAST Autoparts Co., Ltd. (*) Daiichi Kinzoku Co., Ltd. Automobile parts 2005 Shanghai Min Fang Auto Parts Co,. Ltd. 18 Fuji Autotech Guangzhou Co., Ltd. Automobi e seats 2005 ｌ Fuji Kiko Co., Ltd., Tachi-S Co., Ltd. 19 Calsonic Kansei (Guangzhou) Components Corp. Calsonic Kansei Corporation Instrument panels, exhaust products 2005 20 Guangzhou Mahle Filter System Co., Ltd. Mahle Filter Systems Japan Corporation Air filters, motor heat insulation boards 2005 21 Tachi-S Trim Guangzhou Co., Ltd. Tachi-S Co., Ltd. 2005 Automobi e seats ｌ 22 Engine factory of Dongfeng Nissan Dongfeng Nissan Engines 2006 23 Toyo Quality One Guangzhou Co., Ltd. (*) Automotive devices 2006 Toyo Quality One Corporation, Nagase & Co., Ltd. 24 Guangzhou Nanjo QuanXing Autoparts Co., Ltd. (*) Taiwan QuanXing, Nanjo Kogyo 2006 Automobi e seats ｌ 25 Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. Auto bodies and parts 2006 Guangzhou Kanto Autoparts Co., Ltd. (*) Source: Inagaki (2004), Huadu District, Guangzhou (2005) (* ) = Author's translation. NISSAN’s Agglomeration(2003-06)

  20. Company name Investor Products Foundation 1 Melx Co., Ltd. Leather products for automobile seats 2002 Foshan Melx Leather Co., Ltd. * 　（ ） 2 Nichiwa Co., Ltd. Bolts, nuts, pressed parts 2003 Foshan Nichiwa Co., Ltd. * 　（ ） 3 Toyota Gosei (Foshan) Rubber Parts Co., Ltd. Toyota Gosei Co., Ltd., Toyota Tsusho Corporation Body-sealing products for automobiles 2004 4 Aisin Seiki (Foshan) Automotive Parts Co., Ltd. Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd. Engine parts 2004 5 Aisan (Foshan) Auto Parts Co., Ltd. Aisan Industry Co., Ltd., Toyota Tsusho Corporation Throttle bodies, Engine valves 2004 6 Japan Brake Industrial Co., Ltd. Brake assemblies 2004 Foshan Japan Brake Co., Ltd. * 　（ ） 7 Axle Corporation Motorcycles 2004 Foshan Shunde Yinhe Motorcycle Co., Ltd. * 　（ ） 8 Foshan Tokairika Automotive Parts Co., Ltd. Tokai Rika Co., Ltd., Toyota Tsusho Corporation Switches, steering locks 2004 Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. ,Koyo Metaltec Co., Ltd. 9 Koyo Lioho (Foshan) Automotive Parts Co., Ltd. Bearings 2004 Toyota Tsusho Corporation 10 Foshan Yutaka Auto Parts Co., Ltd. Yutaka Giken Co., Ltd. Torque converters 2004 11 Foshan Summit Nikka Mold & Metal Products Co., Ltd. Sumitomo Corporation Mold and metal products 2004 12 Toyota Gosei (Foshan) Auto Parts Co., Ltd. Toyota Gosei Co., Ltd., Toyota Tsusho Corporation Interior and exterior parts 2004 13 Toyoda-Koki Automotive (Foshan) Co., Ltd. Toyoda Machine Works, Ltd. Power steering parts 2004 14 Takagi Auto Parts (Foshan) Co., Ltd. Takagi Seiko Co., Pla-Net Corporation Plastic components, molds 2004 Kobe Steel., Ltd. , Metal One Corporation , Kyodo Shaft Co., Ltd. 15 Kobe Wire Products (Foshan) Co., Ltd. Steel bars and steel wires 2005 Sugita Wire, Ltd. 16 Elastomix (Foshan) Co., Ltd. Elastomix Co., Ltd. Carbon master batch 2005 Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. ,Asahi Chiyoda Kogyo Co., Ltd. 17 Guangzhou Parkerizing Co., Ltd. Surface treatment for automobile parts 2005 Hamamatsu Netsuhori Kogyo Co., Ltd. ,Parker Netsusyori Kogyo K.K. 18 Toyota Boshoku Foshan Co., Ltd. Toyota Boshoku Corporation Oil filters 2005 19 Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd. , Kyokuto Boeki Kaisha, Ltd. Coating for plastics 2005 Fujikura Kasei (Foshan) Paint Co., Ltd. * 　（ ） 20 Bolts, nuts 2005 Foshan Unytite Co., Ltd. * Unytite Corporation 　（ ） 21 Tokai Spring Mfg. (Foshan) Co., Ltd. Tokai Spring Mfg. Co., Ltd., Nagase & Co., Ltd. Precision leaf springs, press products 2005 Toyoda Machine Works, Ltd. , Yamasei Kogyo Co., 22 Yamasei Automotive (Foshan) Co., Ltd. Power steering parts 2005 The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. 23 San-Esu Mold parts 2006 Sanyo Seiko (Foshan) Co., Ltd. * 　（ ） 24 Toei Kagaku Kogyo, Xuri Co. Automobile parts 2006 Foshan Dongrong Xuri Electrics Co., Ltd. * 　（ ） 25 Foshan Nitigura Co., Ltd. Nihon Glassfiber Industrial Co., Ltd. Exhaust manifold covers 2006 26 Foshan Shunde Yazaki Auto Parts Co., Ltd. Yazaki Corporation Automotive instruments 2006 27 Nichiwa Sangyo Co., Ltd. Automobile parts 2006 Hegu (Foshan) Automotive Fuel System Co., Ltd. * （ ） 28 Daiichi-Bussan Co., Ltd. Insulators 2006 Daiichi Bussan (Foshan) Co., Ltd. * 　（ ） 29 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. Brake tubes, power steering tubes 2006 Usui Automotive Parts Co., Ltd. * 　（ ） 30 Enkei Corporation Aliminum wheels 2006 Enkei Aluminum Products (Guangdong) Co., Ltd. * 　（ ） 31 Mold parts 2006 Foshan Shunde Lefu Hardware Precise Mold Co., Ltd. * Osamu Fukui, Tsuneo Imai, Yosuke Fukui, Masaru Nakamura 　（ ） 32 Azimit Mold parts 2006 Azimit Auto Parts (Foshan) Co., Ltd. * 　（ ） 33 Sugiyama Kogyo Co., Ltd., Toyota Tsusho Corporation Mold parts 2006 Sugiyama Kogyo (Foshan) Mold Co., Ltd. * 　（ ） Source: Inagaki (2004), Nansha Development District (2005) (* ) = Author's translation. TOYOTA’s Agglomeration(2002-06)

  21. Company name Investor Products Foundation 1 1994 Guangzhou Showa Autoparts Co., Ltd. Showa Corporation, Kanematsu Corporation Shock absorbers 2 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd., Honda Motor (china) Investment Co.,Ltd. 1999 Guangzhou Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Automotive lightning products Auto electrical systems, Two-wheeled 3 Guangzhou Mitsuba Electric Co.,Ltd. MITSUBA Corporation., Mitsuba China (Hong Kong) Ltd. 1999 vehicle engine support Automotive parts (brake tubes, fuel 4 Guangzhou Sanoh Seikan Co., Ltd. Sanoh Industrial Co., Ltd. 1999 tubes, other tubular parts) GZ LEAKLESS Co.,Ltd. 5 Automotive Gaskets 1999 NIPPON LEAKLESS Corporation 6 Auto Parts Alliance (China) Ltd. Kikuchi Co.,Ltd., TAKAO KINZOKU KOGYO Co., Ltd. Aluminum structural assemblies 2001 7 2001 Guangzhou Daiyu Seat Co., Ltd. Daiyu Co.,Ltd. Sewn automotive seat components 8 Guangzhou Marujun Co.,Ltd. Marujun Co.,Ltd. Automotive stamping parts 2001 9 NHK-Uni spring(Guangzhou)Co.,Ltd. NHK Spring Co.,Ltd. Coil Springs, Stabilizers 2002 10 2002 Guangzhou NTN-Yulon Drivetrain Co.,Ltd. NTN Corporation, Yulon Group Taiwan Constant-Velocity Joints (CVJs) （ ） 11 2002 Guanzhou Vigo Stanley electric company limited Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Automotive Lightning Products 12 Guangzhou Nanbu Plastics Co.,Ltd. Nanbu Plastics Co.,Ltd. Plastic products 2002 13 2003 Guangzhou GKI Car Interior Parts Co.,Ltd. ITOCHU Corporation, Kotobukiya Fronte Co.,Ltd. Automotive upholstery 14 2003 NHK Spring Precision (Guangzhou) Co.,Ltd. NHK Spring Co.,Ltd. Suspension Springs 15 Honda Automobile (China) Co., Ltd. Honda Motor Co.,Ltd. Motorcycles, Automobiles 2003 16 Plastic products 2003 Guangzhou DEMPU Automobile arts Co., Ltd. N.A. *1 Ｐ 　（ ） 17 Guangzhou Shiroki Corporation Shiroki Corporation Doorframes, Moldings 2003 18 Guangzhou Ahresty Automobile Parts Co.,Ltd Ahresty Corp. 2003 Die Casting products Sumitomo Pie & Tube Co.,Ltd., Sumitomo Corporation 19 Guangzhou You-Ri Automotive Parts Co.,Ltd Electric-resistance welded pipes 2003 Nippon Steel Corporation Anti-vibration rubber parts, 20 Tokai Rubber (Ghuangzhou) Co.,Ltd. Tokai Rubber Industries Ltd. 2003 Automotive hoses 21 Honda Engineering China Co., Ltd. Honda Engineering Co., Ltd., Honda Motor (China) Investment Co.,Ltd. Mold parts 2004 22 Guangzhou NEIVE Co.,Ltd. NEIVE Co.,Ltd. Automobile Parts 2004 23 Decker System China (DSC) Decker Corporation, Chinese United Faith Automobile Parts 2004 24 Guangzhou Tech Interior Trim Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. TS Tech Co.,Ltd. Sewn automotive seat components 2004 25 TEIKURO Guangzhou Corporation Teikuro Inc. 2004 Surface treatment for mold parts Urethane foam 26 Guangzhou Bridgestone Chemical Products Co., Ltd. 2004 Bridgestone Corporation Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. 、 27 Guangzhou Fuji Tool Co.,Ltd. Fujiseiko Limited Carbide Tools 2004 28 Toyo Automotive Parts (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. Toyo Tire&Rubber Co.,Ltd Anti-vibration rubber parts 2004 29 Ring Techs Automobile Products Co.,Ltd. 2004 Ring Techs Co.,Ltd., Metal One Corooration Steel wheels for passenger cars 30 Tsuchiya (Guangzhou) Automotive Components Co., Ltd. Tsuchiya Co., Ltd. Plastic Products 2004 31 Akebono Corporation (Guangzhou) Akebono Brake Industry Co.,Ltd. Brakes 2004 32 Ohashi Technica (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. Ohashi Technica, Inc. Automobile Parts 2004 33 Ghuangzhou Uchiyama Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. Uchiyama Manufacturing Corp. Gaskets, Seals 2004 34 Tocalo& Han Tai Co., Ltd. Surface modification 2005 TOCALO Co.,Ltd., HAN TAI Co.,Ltd. Plastic parts for windshields 35 Guangzhou Hori Automobile Glass Co., Ltd. Hori Glass Co.,Ltd 2005 36 Guangzhou Linjun Automobile Internal Decoration Co., Ltd. 2005 HAYASHI TELEMPU Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. Automotive upholstery 37 Ninomiya Co., Ltd. Cold forged products 2006 Guangzhou Ninomiya Cold Forging Automotive Parts 38 Tigerpoly Manufacturing Tigaers Polymer Corporation Rubber seats, Plastic hoses 2006 Source: Inagaki (2004), Shunde District, Foshan City (2005) HONDA’s Agglomeration 1997-2006(Suppliers)

  22. Guangzhou municipality Guangzhou State-owned EnterpriseProjects Industrial zones (30 companies) (6 industrial zones) Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group (GAIG) Anchor firms Honda Nissan Toyota Hyundai Isuzu (6 companies) (21 companies) Guangzhou Automobile Group (14 component companies) Their related companies (e) Leader: Local Government Guangzhou Automobile Industry Park (GAIP) Source: Author’s

  23. Automobile Industry Cluster Guangzhou Economic Development Zone R&D, Technology transfer Automobile Industry Agglomeration Capacity building Ⅱ Keiretsu firms：Tier1, Tier2, Tier3 Capacity buildingⅠ (e) Leadership of a mayor Sequence 1: Honda’s effect 1998 2005 Zengcheng Industrial Park Future Foshan Industrial Park Electricity, railway : actors＝Guangzhou city, Guangdong Province 1. Universities and research institutes: university park?2. Local government incentives: one stop service HONDA (Anchor firm) (Decision Making by the president of Japanese Headquarters) 2001 2002 Zengcheng, Zongshan, Foshan Human resource management: Japanese interpreters: actors＝JETRO (Yonghe Economic Zone), Foshan Future Related firms (Innovation), Universities, Research Institutes Source: A. Kuchiki and H. Tsukada

  24. Sequence 2:Toyota’s Effect (a) Nansha, Shunde, Foshan Automobile Industry Cluster Capacity building II Finance TOYOTA Keiretsu: Tier1 R &D Logistics Capacity building I Chinese local firms Technology transfer Related manufacturers and service industries I Machinery Equipments (e) Leadership of a mayor StepI： Agglomeration Competition between the industrial zones (b) (Construction of subway: actors=Guangzhou city ） (c) (Construction of highway:actors=Guangzhou city) Keiretsu: Tier2, Tier3 (actors to invite firms=Guangzhou city, JETRO) Step II： Innovation (Automobile Industry Agglomeration) (Innovation) Cluster Source: A. Kuchiki and H. Tsukada

  25. Summary: 1．Segment building for Anchor Firms: Honda, Nissan and Toyota 2．Local government: Leadership

  26. 2．The Electronics Industry Cluster in northern Vietnam: Segment Building: The effects of ODA: (a) Highway Route 5, (b) Haiphong Port, (c) Institutional Reform 31

  27. Industrial zones and segment building

  28. Sequence 3: Industrial Clusters in Northern Vietnam Northern Vietnam Haiphong Port Hanoi (TLIP) Haiphong Highway No.5 Nomura Haiphong IZ A Model of Forming Industrial Clusters (a)Highway No.5, (b)Haiphong Port Segment building Thang Long IP (TLPI) Nomura Haiphong IZ (NHIZ) + (c)Institutional Reform (One stop service, tax) Anchor Companies Canon, Honda, Panasonic, Galaxy Canon’s Effect Related and Other Companies Japanese companies, other foreign and local companies Industrial Clusters Development of Northern Vietnam

  29. Segment: (a) Highway and (b) Port Note: X shows frequency of use Source: Company survey

  30. (enterprises) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 9_ Others 3_ Liberalized trade 1_ Abolished sub-licenses government-related procedures: access to banks 2_ Improved the collateral and 6_ Improved bidding regulations Export Assistance Fund and other) for new business (changed to a business associations 0_ Abolished the approval system registration system 5_ Promoted the establishment of owned enterprises 8_ Promoted reforms of the state- procedures and improved (Development Assistance Fund, Onestop services 7_ Simplified government 4_ Expanded funding policies ( Note: Data collected from private companies only Segment: (c) Institutional Reforms

  31. Agglomeration : Canon’s effects ABE Asian Tech (Users’ manual) (Thang Long) Volex (Power code) (Thang Long) SANTOMAS (Plastic Products) (Thang Long) Japanese HDQ Thailand Subsidiary Sumi-Hanel (Writing system) (Saidon B) Canon(printer) (Thang Long) Inabata Sangyo (Plastic products) (Nomura-Haiphong) Dragon Logistics (Transportation) (Thang Long) Parker Processing (Surface treatment) (Thang Long) Fuji Mold (Plastic molds) (Nomura-Haiphong) Nippo Mechatronics (Plastic molds) (Noi Bai)

  32. Agglomeration : Thang Long Industrial Park

  33. Agglomeration (continued) Note: C3, C4 and C9-13 provide parts and components to Canon. Source: Sumitomo Corporation, June 2002.

  34. Agglomeration : A List of Tenants and Nomura Haiphong Industrial Zone (as of April 22, 2003)

  35. Conclusion: We found the effects of Canon on the industrial cluster policy in the case of the electronics industry cluster in northern Vietnam. GDP of TLIP = 23%, 80firms,Labor = 40,000 (2007) 2. We made it clear that ODA played a crucial role in succeeding industrial cluster policy. 41

  36. 4. The Asian Model:Flowchart Approach:Practical 45 45

  37. Segments: roads, port, airport, institutions Flowchart Approach : the economies of sequence 3. Leadership: The government, An anchor firm Conclusion: 46

  38. In other words, • The segments = The investment environment • Sequence = Prioritization • Leader = Human resource

  39. Figure 2-1. Flowchart Approach: SequencePrioritization: An example 48 48 Source: A. Kuchiki and J. Kabir

  40. (3) Anchor firms 1. Firms with high Backward linkage (e.g. Toyota, Nissan) i. Automobile = more than 20,000 parts ii. Electronics (ink-jet printers)= 800 parts 2. Trading corporations (eg. Mitsubishi corporation) bring customers (tenants). 3. Companies in the neighboring counties = lower entry costs: South African firms or other firms

More Related