Emphasis

1. Emphasis By Ian Hunt Jose Sanchez Kevin Ray Thomas Essig

2. Introduction to Emphasis • The Definition of emphasis is the special stress laid upon, or importance attached to anything. • Emphasis has two major components; • Put new/unknown and important information at the end, • People naturally stress what is at the end of sentences. This can be used to emphasize important information. • People understand a sentence when information that is general is at the beginning of a sentence and more specific towards the end of the sentence.

3. Steps to Emphasize • Locate the subject (important information) • Put information that readers are familiar with first • Place or emphasize the unfamiliar or important information towards the end

4. Several Examples • You have not sent us your December progress report, according to our records. • According to our records, you have not mailed us your December progress report. • Rather than being a judge who pronounces the verdict, the teacher becomes an editor who guides students’ writing with this method. • With this method, the teacher becomes an editor who guides students’ writing, rather than a judge who pronounces the verdict.

5. Examples continued • Our tests show that reliability increased by 15 percent, for example. • For example, our test show that reliability increased by 15 percent. • Moving the important information to the end of the sentence is another way to manage the flow of ideas. • Another way you can manage the flow of ideas is to move the most important information to the end of the sentence.

6. Examples continued • Abstract art indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art. • An art style that indicates a departure from reality is called abstract art. • Technical communication clearly and accurately conveys technical information so that readers can understand. • Information that clearly and accurately conveys technical information is know as Technical communication.

7. Examples continued • The term Déjà vu refers to the word meaning already seen. • The feeling of already seen something in the past is reffered to as déjà vu.

8. Why emphasis? • Emphasis is important in organizing a sentence so that the readers can fully understand. • The purpose is to emphasize the important information which is best understood at the end of the sentence.

9. Original • Insect repellents are available in various forms and concentrations. Aerosol and spray products are intended for skin applications as well as for treating clothing. Liquid, cream, lotion, spray, and stick products enable direct skin application. Products with a low concentration of the active ingredient may be appropriate for situations where exposure to insects is minimal. A higher concentration of the active ingredient may be useful in highly infested areas, or with insect species that are more difficult to repel. And where appropriate, consider nonchemical ways to deter biting insects—screens, netting, long sleeves, and slacks. • The EPA recommends the following precautions when using insect repellents. Repellents should be applied only to exposed skin and/or clothing (as directed on the product label). Do not use under clothing. Repellents should not be applied over cuts, wounds, or irritated skin. When using sprays, do not spray directly onto the face; spray your hands and then apply to your face. Don’t apply to eyes and mouth, and apply sparingly around ears. This products should not be handled by children, and do not apply to children’s hands. Do not spray in enclosed areas. Avoid breathing a repellent spray, and do not use it near food. Use just enough repellent to cover exposed skin and/or clothing. Heaving application and saturation is unnecessary for effectiveness; if biting insects do not respond to a thin film of repellent, apply a bit more.

10. Step 1 (break down of paragraph) • Insect repellents are available in various forms and concentrations. • Aerosol and spray products are intended for skin applications as well as for treating clothing. • Liquid, cream, lotion, spray, and stick products enable direct skin application. • Products with a low concentration of the active ingredient may be appropriate for situations where exposure to insects is minimal. • A higher concentration of the active ingredient may be useful in highly infested areas, or with insect species that are more difficult to repel. • And where appropriate, consider nonchemical ways to deter biting insects—screens, netting, long sleeves, and slacks.

11. Step 1 (cont.) • The EPA recommends the following precautions when using insect repellents. • Repellents should be applied only to exposed skin and/or clothing (as directed on the product label). • Do not use under clothing. • Repellents should not be applied over cuts, wounds, or irritated skin. • When using sprays, do not spray directly onto the face; spray your hands and then apply to your face. • Don’t apply to eyes and mouth, and apply sparingly around ears. • This products should not be handled by children, and do not apply to children’s hands. • Do not spray in enclosed areas. • Avoid breathing a repellent spray, and do not use it near food. • Use just enough repellent to cover exposed skin and/or clothing. • Heaving application and saturation is unnecessary for effectiveness; if biting insects do not respond to a thin film of repellent, apply a bit more.

12. Step 2 (revise order) • Insect repellents are available in various forms and concentrations. • Liquid, cream, lotion, spray, and stick products enable direct skin application. • Aerosol and spray products are intended for skin applications as well as for treating clothing. • Products with a low concentration of the active ingredient may be appropriate for situations where exposure to insects is minimal. • A higher concentration of the active ingredient may be useful in highly infested areas, or with insect species that are more difficult to repel. • And where appropriate, consider nonchemical ways to deter biting insects—screens, netting, long sleeves, and slacks.

13. Step 2 (cont.) • The EPA recommends the following precautions when using insect repellents. • Repellents should be applied only to exposed skin and/or clothing (as directed on the product label). • Do not use under clothing. • Repellents should not be applied over cuts, wounds, or irritated skin. • When using sprays, do not spray directly onto the face; spray your hands and then apply to your face. • Don’t apply to eyes and mouth, and apply sparingly around ears. • Do not spray in enclosed areas. • This products should not be handled by children, and do not apply to children’s hands. • Avoid breathing a repellent spray, and do not use it near food. • Use just enough repellent to cover exposed skin and/or clothing. • Heaving application and saturation is unnecessary for effectiveness; if biting insects do not respond to a thin film of repellent, apply a bit more.

14. Step 3 (reduce wordiness) • Insect repellents are available in many forms and are applied directly to the skin. • Spray products may also be used on clothing. • Select a concentration of the active ingredient appropriate for exposure to insects. • A higher concentration is useful in highly infested areas or with species more difficult to repel. • (Nonchemical deterrents to biting insects include screens, netting, long sleeves, and slacks.) • The EPA recommends the following repellent use. • Follow label directions and only apply enough to cover exposed skin and/or clothing. • Do not apply over cuts, wounds, or irritated skin. • Do not apply directly onto the face; apply to your hands and then apply to your face, avoiding eyes, mouth and ears. • Use sprays outdoors; avoid breathing or contact with foods and handling by children. • If biting insects are not repellent, apply a second cover.