“Out of the Dark Ages” Renaissance --> Enlightenment

Also known as the age of Exploration and the advancements in the Arts. Paved the way for the Scientific Revolution 1500-1600. Discoveries/inventions (compass, clock, blood pressure, microscope, heliocentric theory, etc..) “Out of the Dark Ages”Renaissance --> Enlightenment

Dark Ages/Medieval times400- 1200 AD • Not much recorded history. • Growth of mankind limited as people were bound physically and mentally by their “place” in society. • The church had become as powerful or more powerful than the king and Government.

Feudal SystemA Political, Economic, and Military system where people were bound to the land they were born, and others exchanged their services to protect and serve the king.

Feudal System

Renaissance (1300- 1500 AD) • Renaissance “ rebirth” facilitated by the invention of the printing press. • Okay for people to think again, use reason to figure things out. • 1520 AD, Martin Luther’s break from the Catholic Church and the medieval dogma, --> 95 theses --> Protestant Reformation

Basic Definition Renaissance: movements following the Middle ages that centered on revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome. The word Renaissance comes from the Latin Word renasci, meaning “to be born again.”

Age of Exploration When the world became interconnected and interdependent

Scientific Revolution: A period from the 1500’s and 1600’s where many scientific theories and discoveries were made.

Geocentric Theory: Middle Age theory that the sun rotated around the earth and was the center of the universe. Earth Sun

Copernicus: (1530) Polish churchman and astronomer who questioned that the earth was the center of the universe and came up with the heliocentric theory.

Heliocentric Theory: Theory the earth rotates around the sun. Sun Earth

Galileo Galilei: (1630) Saw the moons around Jupiter and supported the Heliocentric theory. He published his findings but was persecuted by the Church and recanted.

Johannes Kepler: (1600) He proved mathematically that the planets rotate around the Sun and that Copernicus was right. Sun

Isaac Newton: (1690) Discovered the laws of motion, gravity, inertia and invented calculus. He proposed that these were natural laws that existed everywhere.

Rene Descartes: Mathematics and logic was more important than just observation. Reason could prove scientific theories… “I think therefore I am”.

Printing Press- invented in 1448 by Johann Gutenberg. • Arguably the greatest invention of all time. • First major text reproduced was the Holy Bible in 1456. • With more people reading the bible not dependent on priests interpretation. • Martin Luther questioned the authority of the Pope in 1520. • Started the Protestant Movement.

THE ENLIGHTENMENT The age of reason,where people began to apply scientific laws and reason to human behavior, government, society, economics, and religion.

Basic Characteristics • The power of human reason • Self-confidence and Individuality • Progress as

The cultural effect of the Enlightenment • Spreading knowledge and free public discussion to everyone!!! • Wrote for a larger audience, because of the expansion of literacy  Printing Press • Created a public debate of issues

Enlightenment 1600- 1700’s • Encyclopedia published (mid 1700’s) that challenged the church, government, torture , taxes and war. • “Enlightened Despotism” an educated Monarchy that governed by the principles of the enlightenment. (Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Locke) • Apply reason to explain Human Nature and Politics --> Philosophes (thinkers)

Philosophes: (Philosophers) Great thinkers in Paris France who met and discussed social issues

Atheists: Philosophes who denied the existence of God. Deists: Philosophes who believed in God but rejected Church rituals and authority.

Thomas Hobbes: (English) He believed war was unnecessary if you had a strong leader who had total power to keep law and order or a social contract. “People were wicked”

John Locke: (English) All people have “natural rights” of life, liberty and property. Government was to protect these, if it didn’t overthrow it.

Voltaire: French writer who used humor to target the clergy and government. He supported tolerance and free speech.

Montesquieu: French lawyer who fought for the separation of powers in government-- executive, legislative and judicial.

Rousseau: Believed man was born good and society (gov. & religion) corrupted him. The “Noble Savage” or man in nature was perfect.

Diderot: Published volumes of writings he called “Encyclopedia”. It was very similar to our modern encyclopedias.

Thomas Jefferson1743-1826 • 1776 –Thomas Jefferson Drafts The Declaration of Independence • We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. • Later became the 3rd President of the United States

Person most accredited for the actual writing of the US ConstitutionThe power of the government must come from the people. 4th President of US James Madison1751-1836

South America's greatest generals. His victories over the Spaniards won independence for Bolivia, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. “The Liberator” Simon Bolivar(1783-1830)

Enlightenment Products • Steps toward building the democracies that exist today. Basic rights for man. • Set up the Revolutionary period: Glorious Revolution 1688 American Revolution 1776 French Revolution 1789 Can people be trusted to govern themselves? What is the role of government?

“Out of the Dark Ages” Renaissance --> Enlightenment