Presented by O. Ravi Joint Secretary Ministry of Home Affairs Government of India New Delhi

1. "Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business” Progress towards Disaster Risk Reduction through a Multi-stakeholder Approach Presented by O. Ravi Joint Secretary Ministry of Home Affairs Government of India New Delhi 2nd December,2008

2. Structure of the Presentation Content: • Natural hazard risk profile of India • Multi-stakeholder Mechanism existing in India to address disaster risk reduction. • Progress made in integrating disaster risk reduction into development planning • Contextual challenges Duration: 15 minutes. Number of Slides: 14

3. Natural Hazard Risk Profile • India is prone to different types of natural hazards and has experienced several major disasters in the recent past. • 58.6% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to high intensity. • Of the 7,516 km long coastline, close to 5,700 km is prone to cyclones and tsunamis. • Floods are recurrent events causing huge damage to properties and assets every year. • 68% of the cultivable area is drought prone • Hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches

4. Multi-stakeholder Mechanism for DRR • A paradigm shift from response and relief-centric approach to proactive prevention, mitigation, preparedness, rehabilitation and reconstruction. • Disaster Management Act, 2005 • Legal, Institutional, Financial and Coordination mechanisms at National, State, District and Local level to integrate disaster risk reduction and mitigation in the developmental agenda. • National Executive Committee (NEC) comprising of Secretaries from key Ministries/Departments of Government of India- a coordination mechanism • National Policy on Disaster Management is on anvil. • National Plan on Disaster Management -National Response Plan -National Mitigation Plan -National Capacity Building Plan

5. “DRR is everybody’s business” every Ministry of Central and State Government has been assigned roles and responsibilities to address DRR. • DRR integral part of planning process • National/State/ District Disaster Response Fund • National/State/ District Disaster Mitigation Fund • “Building Back Better” - the guiding principle of disaster recovery and reconstruction programmes in India. Continued

6. Enabling Environment for DRR through other Legislations/Policy Frameworks • National Rural Employment Act,2005-an unique legislation aims at livelihood security and reducing vulnerability of community. • The Environment Protection Act ,1996. • Environment Policy,2006. • Coastal Zone Regulations. • Disability Act 1995. • The National Policy for Empowerment of Women- gender mainstreaming for DRR. • Panchayati Raj Act-73rd and 74th Amendment of the Indian Constitution.

7. Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response • Tsunami Early Warning System established by Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services ( INCOIS), Hyderabad. • Key Departments/ Organizations identified to provide early warnings on different natural hazards. • National Disaster Response Force. • The National Emergency Communication Plan to provide last mile connectivity. • The National Flood Atlas has been prepared by the Central Water Commission.

8. Continued • The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) has been set up by the Survey of India to collect, compile, analyze and prepare value-added maps for use by various agencies in the field of DM. • Disaster Management Support Project – MHA-USAID initiative (training on ICS, procurement of advance search and rescue equipments etc.). • Community Based Disaster Risk Management Programme in 176 multi-hazard prone districts in the country-an initiative of MHA-UNDP. • Emergency Operation Centers established at National, State and District level for effective coordination during disaster response .

9. Macro-scale Vulnerability Atlas for India has been prepared by Building Material Technology Promotion Council . • India Disaster Knowledge Network – a knowledge portal of 50 national level research and academic organizations. • India Disaster Resource Network- 1,21 643- database of critical resources. http://www.idrn.gov.in Continued

10. Capacity Development for Disaster Risk Reduction • National Institution of Disaster Management, (NIDM) established. NIDM also hosts SAARC-DMC. • National Disaster Management Programme (NDMP) for training and capacity building of disaster managers. • National Programme for Capacity Building of Engineers in Earthquake Risk Management • National Programme for Capacity Building of Architects in Earthquake Risk Management. • Disaster Management in School Curriculum

11. Reducing the underlying risk factors through appropriate Social, Economic and Sectoral development policies • The DM Act has made it mandatory for every Ministry/Department at National and State level to prepare disaster management plans and integrate DRR in the ongoing development programmes. • DRR is not a stand-alone activity- integral part of developmental planning. • Climate Change is unequivocal- disaster vulnerability closely linked to Climate Change. • Mitigation measures indispensable for sustainable development. National Action Plan on Climate Change-identified Eight missions . • National Solar Mission • National Mission on Sustainable Habitat • National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency. • National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem • National Water Mission • National Mission for Green India • National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture • National Mission for Strategic Knowledge on Climate Change Harmonization of Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation.

12. Continued • To ensure safe development of human settlements, National Building Code and Hazard specific codes designed by Bureau Of Indian Standards exist to ensure structural safety against natural hazards like Cyclone, Landslides and Earthquakes. • Guidelines developed by Ministry of Agriculture on watershed management and dry land agronomy for mitigation of droughts. • Hazard-specific risk reduction guidelines released by NDMA. • Mandatory for all the major public infrastructure projects to adopt hazard resistant construction technology to ensure structural safety against natural hazards.

13. Some of the key developmental programmes with Disaster Risk Reduction content • Drought Prone Area Programme and Desert Development Programme. • National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme – provideswage employment in the rural areas, food security and creation of durable community assets. • ISRO Disaster Management Support (DMS) Programme • National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (US$350 Million) • National Earthquake Risk Mitigation Project (US $119 Million approx.) • National Landslide Risk Mitigation Project . • School Safety Project. • Retrofitting of select life-line structures.

14. Contextual Challenges • Vast geographical spread and population pressure. • Multi-hazard profile of the country with diverse physical topography. • Capacity gaps in implementing Disaster Risk Reduction measures. • The provisions of the DM legislation requires more time to get implemented on ground. • Mitigation requires long-term planning and is resource intensive. • Need to develop a strong mechanism for disaster information sharing. • Need to strengthen the knowledge management systems. • Enabling environment and roadmap for sustainable development.

15. Thank you

19. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT ARCHITECTURE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Cabinet Committee on Management of Natural Calamities Ministry of Home Affairs High Level Committee National Institute for Disaster Management Ministries and Departments of Government of India NDMA National Disaster Response Force Planning Commission NEC National Disaster Mitigation Reserves National Crisis Management Committee STATES Central Para Military Forces Armed Forces C O M M U N I T Y SDMAs SECs Fire Services Ministries and Departments of States Civil Defence District Administration State Police Home Guards DDMAs State Disaster Response Force Academic Institutions NYKS and NSS Local Authorities Scientific Organizations Technical Institutions COMMUNITY Professional Bodies Corporate Sectors NGOs