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Ag. C u. Industrial process: mining, processing - flotation, smelting - electrolysis Cu, Ag. Seismic hazards in Poland very low, but sometimes „induced seismicity” Last : 19 march 2013 Copper mine area: LUBIN. Zinc minerals in such a form are present nearly exclusively in Silesi a.

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C u

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  1. Ag Cu Industrial process: mining, processing - flotation, smelting - electrolysis Cu, Ag

  2. Seismic hazards in Poland very low, but sometimes „induced seismicity” Last : 19 march 2013 Copper minearea: LUBIN

  3. Zinc minerals in such a form are present nearly exclusively in Silesia Zinc and lead ore Zincblende

  4. Triassic sediments : dolomite Zinc and lead ore : massive-, breccia, impregnation~ 3% Zn,< 2% Pb Minerals : galena PbS, sphalerite ZnS, marcasite FeS2 depth : ~ 250m( 90 - 100m) Thichness ore bodies :cm – several m WATER INFLOW TO MINES 30 m³/min.It is necessary to pump out significant amounts of underground waters

  5. A lithological profile of the deposit area indicates the fact that the Triassic dolomites – shally limestone, are mineralized The deposit is at the depth of 200 – 300 metres. Lead and zinc minerals contain some amounts of Ag, Cd, Tl.

  6. underground melting (Frash)hole exploatation Sulphur

  7. Tertiary limestones : 19-27 % S opencast mining (in the past)

  8. Rock salt in salt dome

  9. ⇦ Cu 4 salt cyclothems Z1-Z4 located in the roof of copper deposit

  10. Lignite Miocene Opencast

  11. 3 1 today 2

  12. Bełchatówlignite deposit Power station - 4 320 MW Resources ~ 2 mld tare enough for 2032 production 38,5 Mio. t/a overburden100-120 mln m³/r water 190 Mln. t/a Thickness: ~55 m (100 m) Pola górnicze: "Bełchatów", "Szczerców" i "Kamieńsk„mine field.

  13. Cross section Bełchatow. 1 – Sand, 2 – Shale, mud, 3 – Border Q-Tr, 4 – Lignite, 5 – Salt

  14. Landfillreclamation

  15. Turoszów lignite deposit Thickness : ~52,0m ~12 Mio. T/a Area : ~66 km2 Overburden : thickness of the coal seam: 2,6:12032-2040

  16. SIENIAWA underground lignite mine Glacierfolded theCoal Seams

  17. Coal quality parameters Resources Calorificvalue Sulphur Ash

  18. Hydrocarbons Petroleum and natural gas

  19. 1853 pharmacist Ignacy Łukasiewicz switched on the first oil lamp in a hospital in Lvov (this city is in Ukraine now, till the World War Ist it was in the Galician province of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire)

  20. Gazprom Enter to energy security

  21. „ Shale belt in Poland „ 37 000 km², , 12% area

  22. US Department of Energy (2011) estimated shale gas reserves ~22,45 bln m³ (10¹²) 5,3 bln m³ possible Polish Geological Institute PIG – PIB (2014) Estimated reserves 346-768 mld m³ (109)

  23. Bituminuos (hard) coal in Poland

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