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Explore the mining and processing methods of copper and silver with insights into the geological structures, minerals, and hazards in Poland's mining fields. Learn about techniques like underground melting and open-cast mining, along with historical facts and energy resources.
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Ag Cu Industrial process: mining, processing - flotation, smelting - electrolysis Cu, Ag
Seismic hazards in Poland very low, but sometimes „induced seismicity” Last : 19 march 2013 Copper minearea: LUBIN
Zinc minerals in such a form are present nearly exclusively in Silesia Zinc and lead ore Zincblende
Triassic sediments : dolomite Zinc and lead ore : massive-, breccia, impregnation~ 3% Zn,< 2% Pb Minerals : galena PbS, sphalerite ZnS, marcasite FeS2 depth : ~ 250m( 90 - 100m) Thichness ore bodies :cm – several m WATER INFLOW TO MINES 30 m³/min.It is necessary to pump out significant amounts of underground waters
A lithological profile of the deposit area indicates the fact that the Triassic dolomites – shally limestone, are mineralized The deposit is at the depth of 200 – 300 metres. Lead and zinc minerals contain some amounts of Ag, Cd, Tl.
Tertiary limestones : 19-27 % S opencast mining (in the past)
Rock salt in salt dome
⇦ Cu 4 salt cyclothems Z1-Z4 located in the roof of copper deposit
Lignite Miocene Opencast
3 1 today 2
Bełchatówlignite deposit Power station - 4 320 MW Resources ~ 2 mld tare enough for 2032 production 38,5 Mio. t/a overburden100-120 mln m³/r water 190 Mln. t/a Thickness: ~55 m (100 m) Pola górnicze: "Bełchatów", "Szczerców" i "Kamieńsk„mine field.
Cross section Bełchatow. 1 – Sand, 2 – Shale, mud, 3 – Border Q-Tr, 4 – Lignite, 5 – Salt
Turoszów lignite deposit Thickness : ~52,0m ~12 Mio. T/a Area : ~66 km2 Overburden : thickness of the coal seam: 2,6:12032-2040
SIENIAWA underground lignite mine Glacierfolded theCoal Seams
Coal quality parameters Resources Calorificvalue Sulphur Ash
Hydrocarbons Petroleum and natural gas
1853 pharmacist Ignacy Łukasiewicz switched on the first oil lamp in a hospital in Lvov (this city is in Ukraine now, till the World War Ist it was in the Galician province of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire)
Gazprom Enter to energy security
„ Shale belt in Poland „ 37 000 km², , 12% area
US Department of Energy (2011) estimated shale gas reserves ~22,45 bln m³ (10¹²) 5,3 bln m³ possible Polish Geological Institute PIG – PIB (2014) Estimated reserves 346-768 mld m³ (109)