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Characterizing Change in the Beef Industry

Characterizing Change in the Beef Industry. Justin W. Waggoner, Ph.D. Beef Systems Specialist Kansas State University Garden City, KS. Change. Discussion. Changes in the cattle feeding industry from feed yard closeout data Mature animal size Animal Performance

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Characterizing Change in the Beef Industry

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  1. Characterizing Change in the Beef Industry Justin W. Waggoner, Ph.D. Beef Systems Specialist Kansas State University Garden City, KS

  2. Change

  3. Discussion • Changes in the cattle feeding industry from feed yard closeout data • Mature animal size • Animal Performance • Implications of these changes on nutrition and management of the nation’s cowherd

  4. Data Collected from 1990-2009(9,373,819 cattle)

  5. K-State Focus on Feedlots • Previous K-State faculty • Chris Reinhardt, Ron Hale, Gerry Kuhl, Larry Corah, Jack Riley, Calvin Drake • Participating yards • Brookover Ranch Feed Yard • Decatur County Feed Yard • DM & M Feed Yard • Fairleigh Feed Yard • Hoxie Feed Yard • HyPlains Feed Yard • Kearney County Feeders • Poky Feeders • Pratt Feeders • Supreme Cattle Feeders

  6. K-State Focus on FeedlotsMarket Weights (1990-2009) 1990 2009 Change % Steers, lbs 1187 1343 + 156 13.18 Heifers, lbs 1041 1218 + 177 17.00

  7. K-State Focus on FeedlotsAverage Daily Gain (1990-2009) 1990 2009 Change % Steers, lbs/d 3.09 3.54 + 0.45 14.47 Heifers, lbs/d 2.76 3.21 + 0.45 16.35

  8. K-State Focus on FeedlotsDays on feed (1990-2009) 1990 2009 Change % Steers,d 143.3 155.0 + 11.8 8.20 Heifers, d 137.6 152.6 + 15.0 10.9

  9. K-State Focus on FeedlotsFeed Conversion (1990-2009) 1990 2009 Change % Steers, F:G 6.51 6.07 - 0.44 6.69 Heifers, F:G 6.75 6.35 - 0.40 5.93

  10. Today’s Fed Cattle • 1990 Vs. 2009 • Fed Cattle (steers and heifers): • 15% larger at slaughter • Spend 13.4 more days on feed • Gain weight 15% faster • 6.31% more efficient • 0.42 less lbs feed/lb gain

  11. Driving forces: Economics(Cost of gain) 1990 2009 Change Steers, $/cwt. gain 49.92 78.83 + 28.91 Heifers, $/cwt. gain 52.08 83.54 + 31.47

  12. Driving Forces: the rest of the story • Technologies • Ionophores • Implants • Improved cattle management (nutrition, health etc.) and technology use • Genetics • Grid marketing practices • Branded beef programs

  13. Commercial Beef Production, lbs beef/cow 1990 2009 % Change Beef Prod. Lbs/cow 697 819 17.5 NASS, 2009; K. C. Dhuyvetter, 2010

  14. Weaning Weight Trends Weaber and Fennewald, 2009

  15. Yearling Weight Trends Weaber and Fennewald, 2009

  16. Mature Weights of Cows by Sire Breed Breed 5-year-old weight, lbs Hereford 1,419 Angus 1,410 Red Angus 1,409 Simmental 1,404 Gelbvieh 1,323 Limousin 1,391 Charolais 1,371 50 lbs Difference in Average Bodyweight! U.S. MARC, Germplasm Evaluation Program, 2009

  17. Mature Cow Weights • How has the selection for heavier weaning and yearling weights influenced the mature size of the nation’s cow herd? • Questions: • Magnitude of change? • Implications of change?

  18. How big is Today’s Cowherd? • Common logic • “Mature cow weight = weight of finished offspring” • Meat Animal Research Center • Germplasm evaluation program • 37,000+ cows • Mature Cow Weight correlated with hot carcass weight of progeny (0.81) • Progeny hot carcass weight = 0.599 * (mature cow weight) Nephawe et al., 2004

  19. Mature Cow Weights(Focus on Feedlots) Estimated Mature Cow Weight Based on Steer Market Weight Market Carcass Mature Year Wt., Wt.(62% DP)1 Cow Wt., 1990 1186.8 735.8 1228 2009 1343.2 832.8 1390 + 162 Difference 1Carcass weight = market weight * 0.62 2Mature cow weight = carcass weight/ 0.599 K-State Focus on Feedlots; Nephawe et al., 2004

  20. Mature Cow Weights(Federally Inspected Slaughter) Estimated Mature Cow Weight Based on live slaughter weights (Steers and Heifers) FI Live Carcass Mature Year Wt., lbs Wt.(62% DP)1, lbs Cow Wt., lbs 1990 1140 706.8 1179 2009 1296 806.1 1346 + 167 Difference 1Carcass weight = market weight * 0.62 2Mature cow weight = carcass weight/ 0.599 NASS, 2009; Nephawe et al., 2004

  21. Effect of Cow Body Weight on Maintenance Energy Requirements ~ 9 % increase Beef NRC, 2000

  22. Effect of Cow Body Weight on Dry Matter Intake Beef NRC, 2000

  23. Estimated Dry Matter Intake (Annual Basis) Cow Wt, lbs Annual dry matter intake, lbs1 1200 9225 1400 10263 +1038 Difference 1based on 30 days per month 11% increase in annual dry matter intake! Beef NRC, 2000

  24. Beef Cow Calf System Efficiency • Goal: • Convert forage into lbs of weaned calf • Measure of efficiency • feed consumed (cow) per lb of weaned calf

  25. Feed Consumed (cow) per lb calfAnnual Basis Annual Cow Wt, lbs DM Intake, lbs 500 550 600 650 Calf Weight, lbs 1200 9225 18.5 16.8 15.4 14.2 1400 10263 20.5 18.7 17.1 15.8 1400 lb cow has to wean at least 50 lbs more calf !

  26. Is there optimum ? • Tough question period….. • Factors: • Environment • Available forage resources • Reproduction • Marketing strategy • Sell at weaning/ retain ownership

  27. Bottom Line • 1990-2009 • Fed cattle • Harvested at larger weights • Gain weight 15% faster • Require 0.42 less lbs feed/lb gain • Increased commercial beef production per cow by 17.5%

  28. Consequence • Mature weight of the nation’s cowherd has increased • 1990 = 1203 lbs (1179-1228 lbs) • 2009 = 1368 lbs (1346-1390 lbs)

  29. Have we changed?

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